Dengue vaccine acceptance and associated factors among parents and caregivers at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center outpatient department: A hospital-based cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND@#The DOH has recently launched the first ever dengue vaccine that has successfully completed phase III clinical trials but an assessment of the general acceptance of the vaccine is widely lacking. @*OBJECTIVES@# This study determined the dengue vaccine acceptance and the factors associated with acceptance as well as the knowledge, attitudes and practices on dengue fever among parents and caregivers at the PCMC-OPD.@*METHODS@#A hospital-based cross-sectional survey was done at the PCMC-OPD using selfadministered questionnaires regarding the KAP on dengue fever and vaccine acceptance. Multivariate analysis and Spearman’s rank correlation were used to determine predictors of DV acceptance.@*RESULTS@#We found that DV acceptance among the participants was 81.3% (113 out of 139). Educational attainment, employment status, and monthly income are significantly associated with acceptance of dengue vaccine, and being female contributed to high acceptance. DV acceptance was strongly correlated with a lower income class. Educational attainment and employment status seem to affect DV acceptance but are not strong predictors.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The DV acceptance rate of the parents and caregivers of patients consulting at PCMC-OPD was high. The most important factors associated with acceptance are educational attainment, employment status and income class.@*RECOMMENDATIONS@#A similar study may be conducted with a larger population to study target populations in the Philippines. This kind of study can be utilized to formulate new strategies addressing the awareness and acceptance of the community for the new dengue vaccine.

Pattern Of Different Eczema Among Outdoor Patients Attended Faridpur Medical College Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladesh.

Eczematous dermatitis is very common in our country and all over the world. The aim of current study was to assess the burden, frequency and pattern of different eczema at outpatient department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital in the year 2009. Retrospective data were collected from medical records of patient. Patients of all ages & both sexes attending at the dermatology outpatient department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital in the year 2009 suffering from different eczema were included in this study. The frequency of eczema among patients attending at outpatient department of Faridpur Medical College Hospital was 12.8%, and the male to female ratio was almost 1:1. The most affected age group among patients was 0-5 years. Of all cases of eczema, 77.05% were endogenous and 22.52% were exogenous. The most common type of eczema was seborrhoeic dermatitis (27.17% of all cases), followed by contact dermatitis (20.00%) and Hand eczema (14.18%). Seborrhoeic dermatitis is commonest in young adult (21- 45 yrs), whereas atopic dermatitis is common in infant and children (0-10 yrs). Eczema is a public health problem in Faridpur, Bangladesh, and this necessitates prospective studies to determine its incidence and prevalence.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of implants with dual-microthread: 1-year study / 대한치주과학회지

PURPOSE: The stability of periodontal condition and marginal bone level were important to achieve long-term success of dental implant treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal conditions and marginal bone loss around 67 GSII(OSSTEM, Seoul, Korea) dental implants with dual-microthread at the neck portion, 1 year after prosthetic loading. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven GS II dental implants in 27 patients(mean age; 47.4+/-4.0 years) who received implant treatments at Pusan National University Hospital, were included in this study. Thirteen US II(OSSTEM, Seoul, Korea) implants with smooth neck design were selected for the control group. Periodontal and radiographic evaluations were carried out at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after prosthetic loading. RESULTS: In the GS II group, plaque index(PI), gingival index(GI) and probing depth(PD) increased as time passed. In the US II group, GI and PD increased. Although marginal bone level was lower in the US II group in all evaluation periods, the changes between the periods were not statistically significant(p>00.05). In each period, periodontal parameters were not statistically significant between groups. CONCLUSION: One year after prosthetic loading, GS II and US II dental implants showed similar periodontal conditions and marginal bone response, and were within the criteria of success

The Relationship between Premenstrual Syndrome and Sex Role of College Students

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the relationship between PMS and sex role. METHOD: Data were collected from 417 female college students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do area during the period from the 6th of September to the 15th of October in 2004. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 11.0. RESULT: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Perceived subjective symptoms were clustered endogenous depressive feature (2.76+/-.97), anxiety (2.76+/-1.09), and impulsivity (2.72+/-1.02). 2) PMS was significantly different according to the general characteristics of menarche age (F=5.910, p=.003), pain (F=7.886. p=.000) and family history (F=5.366, p=.005), masculinity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.174, p=.043), and femininity was significantly different according to menarche age (F=3.742, p=.025) and pain (F=3.256. p=.040). 3) Femininity and PMS were in a positive correlation with each other (r=.623. p=.000). CONCLUSION: This results showed that there is a significant correlation between PMS and sex role. For future research, it is recommended to identify major factors affecting PMS and the relationships between them and various subjects.

Evaluation of hormone replacement therapy.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), once considered as the gold standard of treatment of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, introduced about seventy years ago still continuing with lot of controversies. Menopause, a transitional period of women's life, is not an illness when oestrogen level falls leading to its consequences. Results of earlier observational studies showed beneficial effects of HRT including cardiovascular protection. But all recent randomized controlled trials have failed to prove these positive effects, rather increases the cardiovascular risk and breast cancer. Women's Health Initiative(WHI), one of the recent randomized controlled trials was stopped prematurely in 2002 due to unfavorable risk-benefit ratio. HRT is not the only way of treating the menopausal symptoms and other consequences of estrogen deficiency. There are suitable alternatives without bearing the risk of HRT. Vasomotor symptoms with hot flushes and sweating experienced by about 75 percent of menopausal women can be treated with alternatives like phyto-estrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), clonidine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, acupuncture, exercise, behavioral therapy etc. HRT is no longer considered as the first line of treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It can be treated with alternatives like regular weight bearing exercise, balanced calcium rich diet, maintaining weight, avoidance of bone robbers, (like excess alcohol, caffeine, smoking), use of SERMs etc. Use of HRT should be individualized and rationalized considering its risks and benefits.

Effects of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptive on serum lipid profile.

The current study was carried out to determine serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in human female volunteers taking injectable hormonal contraceptives. For this purpose, 200 (two hundred) subjects with age range of 20-35 years were selected. Out of them, 140 (one hundred and forty) were experimental subjects and 60 (sixty) were control. Women without hormonal contraceptive were selected as the subjects of control group. The experimental subjects were taking injectable hormonal contraceptive, DMPA (depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate) for 3-5 years uninterruptedly. The mean serum total cholesterol and mean serum triacylglycerol levels of the DMPA users were significantly (P<O.05 and P<0.01 respectively) elevated in comparison to that of the non-users. The mean serum HDL-cholesterol was decreased in subjects using DMPA in comparison to that of the control group. But the decrease was not significant (P>0.05). The mean serum LDL-cholesterol level of the subjects of DMPA users was significantly (P<0.05) elevated in comparison to that of the control.

Development of a Structural Model Explaining Medication Compliance of Persons with Schizophrenia

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model explaining medication compliance of schizophrenia. From a review of the literature, a hypothetical model was developed based on the conceptual framework of the Health Belief Model with medication knowledge, symptom severity and social support as the exogenous variables, and perceived benefits, perceived barriers, substance use and medication compliance as the endogenous variables. Data was collected at various mental health facilities, including psychiatric outpatient clinics of general hospitals and community mental health centers, between March and May, 2001. A structured questionnaire was used by one- on- one interviews to collect data on 208 schizophrenic patients. Well established measurement instruments, with confirmed reliability, were used to assess each method variable. As a result of covariance structural analysis, the hypothetical model was found not to fit the empirical data well, so a parsimonious model was adopted after modifying the model. The final model was able to explain the 33% medication compliance. Medication knowledge, social support and perceived benefits had significant effects on medication compliance. The findings of this study address the importance of medication education and social support to promote medication compliance. It is also suggested that various education programs and support groups are needed to enhance medication compliance.

A Case of Moyamoya Disease with Neurofibromatosis Type I / 소아과

Neurofibromatosis type I is an autosomal dominant disorder with varied manifestations in bone, soft tissue, the nervous system and skin. This is characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, optic glioma, bony displasia, and intertriginous freckling. One of the more serious aspect of the disease relates to the arterial involvement. Vascular changes in neurofibromatosis may occur in any arterial tree from the proximal aorta to the small arteries but these changes are most common in the renal arteries, aorta, celiac arteries and mesenteric arteries. Of the many complications observed in neurofibromatosis type I, cerebrovascular lesions may be the least appreciated. About 40 cases of neurofibromatosis type I associated with occlusive cerebrovascular disorders have been reported in the literature, but MRI and angiographic findings typical of moyamoya disease are rarely described. We experienced a case of moyamoya disease associated with neurofibromatosis type I in a 3-year-old girl who of complained gait disturbance and paraparesis and showed findings typical of moyamoya disease on MRI and carotid angiogram.

Effect of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptives on blood pressure and body weight.

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of prolonged use of injectable hormonal contraceptive on blood pressure and body weight in young women. Two hundred volunteers were selected for the purpose. Of them, one hundred and forty were taking injectable hormonal contraceptive, DMPA for 3 to 5 years uninterruptedly. Rest forty subjects served as control using no contraceptive steroid. Blood pressure, systolic as well as diastolic, was measured by sphygmomanometer. Body weight was measured by weighing machine. It was observed that there were insignificant (P>0.05) elevations of systolic and diastolic blood pressure from DMPA use. But body weight of the experimental subjects was significantly (P <0.05) increased in comparison to that of the control.

The Incidence and Risk Factors of Posttraumatic Seizure in Children / 소아과

PURPOSE: The goal of our study was to identify the incidence and clinical, neurophysiological and neuroradiological variables with predictive value for posttraumatic seizure(PTS). METHODS: The medical records of 625 children with head traumas under 15-year-old who were admitted to the Wonju Christian Hospital, from January, 1993 to January, 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 472 patients were included in this study. The PTS patients were divided into early PTS, in whom seizure occurred within one week after head trauma and late PTS, in whom seizure occurred beyond the first week after head trauma. The injuries were classified into mild(Glasgow Coma Scale, GCS 13 to 15 or no brain CT abnormality and a brief hospital stay), moderate(GCS, 9 to 12, or a GCS above 12 and longer than 48-hour hospital stay, or brain CT abnormalites) and severe(GCS, below 9). The variables such as age, sex, duration of unconsciousness, GCS, brain CT scan finding, initial neurologic finding and anticonvulsant therapy were analyzed for risk factors of PTS. RESULTS: Early PTS was developed in 41(8.7%) patients, 35(77.8%) patients among them had a seizure within 24 hours after head trauma. Late PTS was developed in 17(3.6%) patients. The frequency and duration of PTS were not correlated with the latency of PTS. And there was correlation between the frequency and duration of PTS. The 82.9% of early PTS and the 76.5% of late PTS were generalized tonic-clonic seizure. There was a significant difference in the incidence of PTS by severity of head trauma. The incidence of PTS after mild head trauma(5.8%) was lower than after severe head trauma(29.9%). The risk factors of early PTS were unilateral hemorrhage, neurologic finding(hemiparesis and coma), GCS(under 12 score), and diffuse contusion. And the late PTS were the same as early PTS, except for diffuse contusion, and age factor(under 2 years was also significant). CONCLUSION: The incidence and risk factors of PTS were correlated with severity of head trauma.

Risk Factors of Work-related Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Ship-yard Workers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTS: This study was conducted to prepare the primitive data of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among ship-yard workers in order to set up management and prevention strategies by investigating the risk factors for WMSD symptoms. METHODS: We carried out a self-administered questionnaire survey of 7,237 blue-collar workers during October 2001, in a ship-yard of Kyungsangnam Province. We collected 2,223 questionnaires and analysed 1,985. The questionnaires included demographic data, quick exposure check (QEC) for ergonomic risk factors, and Karasek's job content questionnaires (JCQ) for job stress. WMSDs were evaluated by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) surveillance criteria. RESULTS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between risk factors and musculoskeletal symptoms. From the results, significant variables were age, maximum weight of manual handling material, frequency of the back movement during manual handling tasks, deviation or bending of the wrists/hands position, excessively bent or twisted head/neck, job dissatisfaction, and high job demand. CONCLUSIONS: In order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders of ship-yard workers, it is recommended to reduce the frequency of back movement during manual handling tasks, wrists/hand deviation or bending, and neck bending or twisting. In addition, devoted effort is needed to increase job satisfaction and to reduce job demand.

Effects of Hand Reflexology on Physiological Emotional Responses and Immunity in the Patients with Chronic illness; Chronic renal failure patients and Cancer patients / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of hand reflexology on the physiological?emotional responses and immunity of the patients with chronic illness. This study looked specifically at patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and cancer patients. METHOD: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre and post test. Subjects were 54 patients who received dialysis and chemotherapy in one hospital. Thirty-one patients were assigned to the experimental group and 23 to the control group. The hand reflexology was applied to both hands of the experiment group for ten minutes each time, 5 times during three days. For data collection, physiological lab levels, immune cells of blood and questionnaires for emotional responses were measured before and after the program. RESULT: BT of the experiment group was decreased significantly on both of the 1st and the 5th application. PR and BP were decreased significantly on the 1st times, but not 5th times. Hb levels of the experimental group were significantly increased. And emotional responses, vigor and mood scores of the experiment group were significantly increased. B cell and CD19 were increased significantly on the experiment group. Suppressor T cell and NK cell showed significant decrease after the program, but no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: We have found that the hand reflexology helps the chronic patients to improve physiological emotional responses and the immune reaction. Through this result, the hand reflexology is effective as a intervention of psychoneuroimmunologic function.

The Effect of Work Department, Income and Job Status on the Workplace Injury Rates in One Car Manufacturing Factory / 한국역학회지

PURPOSE: There has been little research into socio-economic factors and work condition s as risk factors for workplace injuries in Korea. Separating work from social class is difficult as the social division of labour is at the origin of social class (1). The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of working conditions and socio-economic factors with workplace injury rates. METHODS: Three year-follow up data sets for workplace injury data analysis for retrospective cohort study were obtained linking the total workforce and workplace injuries between 1995 and 1997. The Proportional Hazards Model (Cox regression) is used to estimate the hazard ratios for workplace injury by different possible risk factors: work department, income, job status, age and tenure. RESULTS: The press, body and engine departments have higher hazard rates for severe injuries; the press, engine, and supporting departments for lower-back pain; and the assembly line (with wider confidence interval) and supporting departments for Herniated Intervertebral Discs. Lower waged workers have higher rates of workplace injuries, especially for lower-back pain. Workers with low job status have higher rates than foremen or supervisors. Thus, socio-economic factors and work department contribute independently to workplace injury rates. CONCLUSIONS: Even though this study could not fully investigate the relationship between socio-economic factors and working conditions, the working conditions as well as socioeconomic factors need to be considered as risk factors of workplace injuries in the workplace.

Effect of Shift Work on Worker's Health, Family and Social Life at a Automobile Manufacturing Plant / 대한산업의학회지

Effect of shift work on worker's health, family and social life was investigated at a automobile manufacturing plant in Inchon. In total, 2488 shift workers and 599 non-shift workers completed self administered questionnaire in their sleep pattern, subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, prevalent chronic disease status, general well-being schedule, family and social life. More shift workers complained of sleep disturbance, poor sleep quality, tiredness at awakening, and sleepiness in work than non-shift workers. More shift workers also complained of gastrointestinal disturbance than non-shift workers. Worker's mental health was assessed by General Well-Being Schedule(GWB) questionnaire developed for the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys(HANES I). The percentage of severely distressed shift workers was significantly higher than that of non-shift workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being, vitality, and general health subscale of shift workers were lower than those of non-shift workers (p<0.05). In terms of family and social life, there was no significant difference between two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done for discrete variables which showed statistically significant difference between shift and non-shift group. The variables included in analysis were sleep disturbance symptoms, gastrointestinal complaints, and distress level calculated from GWB score. Age, tenure, smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise were adjusted as confounding factors and odds ratios for above symptoms due to shift work were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for sleep disturbance symptoms ranged from 0.52 to 3.59. ORs for gastrointestinal complaints ranged from 1.19 to 1.34. OR for distress level was 1.31. We concluded that shift workers are suffered from physical and psychological ailments due to shift work and interventional methods for preventing worker's health from adverse effects of shift work are needed.

Surgical Treatment of Sensile Entropion

Senile entropion is caused by following pathophysiologic changes ; disinsertion or weakness of lower lid retractor, upward migration and overriding of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle over pretarsal orbicularis muscle, horizontal lid laxity, and relative enophthalmos from absorption of orbital fat. There have been numerous procedures to correct senile entropion, but the difficulty of adequate and concurrent correction of all of the underlying defect result in high recurrence rate. Therefore, authors performed a combined procedure including reattachment of disinserted lower lid retractor or tucking of weakened lower tarsus, and the extirpation of overriding preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle. At the same time we performed the correction of the lower lid laxity using lateral tarsal strip procedure of full-thickness wedge resection. Authors performed this method in 21 cases of 17 patients and the cosmetic and functional result were satisfactory.

A Case of Phthiriasis Palpebrarum

Phthiriasis has been usually known as a sexually-transmitted disease. The majority of these cases are found in the hair of the genital lesion, however, infestation of the eyelashed may occur. Eyeld involvement frequently causes blepharitis or conjunctivitis. The authors found a crab louse, Phthirus pubis and their nits on the eyelashes of 22-year-old female who complained foreign body and itching sensation of her right upper lid. Treatment is accomplished by careful mechanical removal of the louse and nits followed by the epilation and alllication of antibiotic eyedrops. We report a case of Phthiriasis palpebrarum with a review of the literatures.

Occurrence of A Miller Fisher Syndrome After Insect Bite

Miller Fisher syndrome is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia and usually develops after respiratory tract viral infection. Other various events that precede neurologic symptoms are GI tract infection, vaccination, digitalis intoxication, insect bite, and delivery. The clinical course is usually benign with complete recovery. Miller Fisher syndrome is rare and occurred after insect bite is even more rare. The authors experienced a case of Miller Fisher syndrome in 7-year-old female who had the sudden onset of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. These symptomes developed after insect bite.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among workers in a condom industry / 예방의학회지

The objectives of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occupation related carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) among workers in a condom industry; to analyse the sensitivity and specificity of clinical signs or symptoms such as hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign in carpal tunnel syndrome; and to test vibration threshold test using audiometry as a technically easy and noninvasive method in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome in stead of nerve conduction velocity(NCV). The study group was divided into exposed group(39 cases)and non-exposed group(48 cases) based on whether or not excessive use of wrist movements exist. 1. There are statistically significant differences in symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome such as hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign between exposed and non-exposed group(p<0.05). 2. Six cases(9 hands) were confirmed as carpal tunnel syndrome by NCV. Five cases(7 hands) belonged to exposed group, 1 case(2 hands) to nonexposed group. As there are significant differences in prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome between two groups(p<0.05), excessive use of wrist in occupation is a risk factor of carpal tunnel syndrome. 3. When we use NCV as a gold standard in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, sensitivity and specificity of hand diagram, Tinel's sign and Phalen's sign is as followed; hand diagram; sensitivity 88.9%, specificity 84.2%. Tinel's sign; sensitivity 55.6%, specificity 72.8%. Phalen's sign; sensitivity 14.3%, specificity 88.4%. Among above clinical signs and symptoms, hand diagram is the best clinical screening test. 4. The differences of vibration threshold between median and ulnar nerve at the same time are useful in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome but the time change of vibration threshold of median nerve over time are not sensitive enough. It is concluded that vibration threshold between median and ulnar nerve at the same time can be used as a supplementary or alternative criterion to indicate that the nerve dysfunction is located in the carpal tunnel.

Prevalence of Asbestosis in Korean Asbestos Industry / 대한산업의학회지

Asbestos industry has been in operation over 60 years in Korea. However, the prevalence of asbestosis has not been yet reported. With rapid turn-over of workers, previous cross-sectional studies of current workers on the job could not find cases with exposures long enough for the development of asbestosis. This study was done to evaluate asbestosis prevalence of those worksites with operation history of more than 20 years. In total, 139 workers from 5 worksites were examined. Asbestos industries covered in the study include 2 asbestos textile, 1 brake lining, and 2 ship repairing worksites. Chest x-ray was taken from all workers and read by two exports familiar with pneumoconiosis classification according to 1980 ILO guidelines. Those with findings compatible with asbestosis were further checked with high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT). Pulmonary function tests were done according to ATS guidelines, and occupational and previous medical history was taken through a standardized interview. Air-borne asbestos was measured according to NI0SH method 7400. The air-borno asbestos concentrations ranged from 0.2-1.3 f/cc for asbestos textile, from 0.7~l.0 f/cc for brake lining, and from 6.3-7.8 f/cc during asbestos removal at ship repairing worksite. Of the 139 workers 25 had abnormal chest radiographic findings, and 10 of them had findings compatible with pneumoconiosis. When work history and current asbestos measurements were accounted, 9 workers who had more than 10 years of asbestos exposure history showed chest radiographic findings of pneumoconiosis with Finally, 4 workers showed finding of pulmonary fibrosis and/or pleural thickening at HRCT, and 2 of them had restrictive lung function changes. The study results showed that, among 139 sutjects, there were 4 (3%) definite asbeatosis cases confirmed with HRCT. The prevalence of probable asbestosis was 7% for 10-14 years of exposure, 13% for 15-19 years of exposure, and 23% for 20 or more years of exposure. The prevalence of compensable asbestosis with abnormal lung function was 4-6% for those with 15 or more years of exposure.

Hematuria among Benzidine Dye Industry Workers / 예방의학회지

Benzidine Industry in Korea has started after Japan has banned its production in early 1970's. and it has been in operation in Korea for over 20 years. However, it is not known yet whether any bladder cancer has developed from benzidine exposure. This study was done to screen benzidine-exposed workers for bladder cancer, and to examine the feasibility of employing screening test at the workplace. All the workplaces that manufacture or use benzidine for more than 20 years in Korea have been covered in this study, and they include 2 benzidine manufacturing factories, 5 benzidine using factories, as well as 2 benzidine free factories as an outside control. In total, 516 workers were screened with urine stick test and urine cytology test for the evidence of hematuria and abnormal urothelial cells. Each worker was also asked about risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer including past medical history, smoking, medication and occupational history. Benzidine in the air was measured by personal and area sampling. Out of 516 screened workers, 84(16.3%)workers showed positive hematuria in urine stick test, and 7(1.4%)workers showed degenerative cells in urine cytology tests. Those workers with abnormal urine test results who have been exposed to benzidine for more than 10 years were further screened, and, in total. 23 workers were examined with intra-venous pyelography and cystoscopy. None of those screened had any evidence of bladder cancer. When workers with only past hematuria history were included in the positive hematuria group, 96(18.5%) had positive hematuria. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, positive hematuria was significantly associated with benzidine exposure history of other occupations with elevated bladder cancer risk, pyuria and glycosuria. The association got stronger as direct benzidine exposure was accounted through individual task analysis, and as exposure duration was accounted with tenure analysis. For those with benzidine exposure with more than 10 years of tenure, the odds of having positive hematuria was elevated 2.14(95%C.I is 1.08 to 4.25) times more than for those without exposure. Even though bladder cancer was not detected for several limitations including short observation period, majority of studied workers with short latency, healthy worker effect, and low sensitivity of single screening test in a cross-sectional study, the study results suggest that hematuria screening is a feasible and very useful test for bladder cancer screening among benzidine exposed workers.