ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with borneol on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to sodium valproate in rats.Methods Fifty-six male,healthy Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group which received an intraperitoneal injection of sodium valproate (0.1 g/kg),an HBO-1 group to which HBO was administered 0.5 hours before an equivalent injection of sodium valproate,an HBO-2 group where the HBO and sodium valproate were administered together,an HBO-3 group which received HBO 0.5 hours after the injection,a low dosage borneol group (L-borneol) which received 0.125 g/kg of borneol by oral perfusion 0.5 hours before an injection of sodium valproate (0.1 g/kg),a high dosage borneol group which received 0.25 g/kg of borneol 0.5 hours before an injection of sodium valproate (0.1 g/kg) and a combined group which received the HBO-3 group's treatment supplemented with the borneol dose of the L-borneol group.There were 8 rats in each group.Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected 1.5 h after the sodium valproate injection and the concentrations of sodium valproate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography.Results Compared with the control group,the CSF concentrations of sodium valproate in the HBO-2 and HBO-3 groups had increased significantly more (to 97.43 ± 12.09 mg/L and 100.10 ± 13.54 mg/L respectively).The ratios of the CSF to plasma (C/P) concentrations had also increased significantly more.The CSF concentration of sodium valproate in the H-borneol group (91.09 ± 9.45 mg/L) and the C/P ratio (0.577 ± 0.051) had increased significantly more than in the control group.Compared with the L-borneol group,there were significantly greater increases in the HBO-3 group and the combined group in the concentration of sodium valproate in the rats' CSF.Compared with the HBO-3 group,the average concentration of sodium valproate in the CSF of the combined group (112.43 ± 11.52 mg/L) and the C/P ratio (0.698 ±0.058) had increased significantly more.There was no significant difference among the groups in the plasma concentrations of sodium valproate.Conclusions HBO can increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to sodium valproate,at least in rats.Combining HBO with a low dose of borneol has an additional effect.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To understand the present situation of hand hygiene execution rate among clinical medical personnel,and discuss a series of scientific,reasonable and practical hand hygiene intervention methods,in order to elevate the hand hygiene execution rate among medical personnel.METHODS Using the self-designed questionoaires in combination with observation on hand hygiene process and investigation of hand hygiene knowledge level among medical personnel in various departments of different levels of hospitals to assess the hand hygiene execution rate.RESULTS The investigation indicated 76.00% medical personnel have had hand hygienic knowledge training,and referred in the stipulation health drafts,the hand hygiene execution rate was 50.00-70.00%.The hand health execution rate before contact with patients was 59.82%,and after contacts with patients was 77.97%;among department the hand hygiene execution rate before contact with patients was highest in the department of pediatrics(82.78%),the lowest was in emergency department(11.11%),after contact with patients the highest was department of infectiong(100.00%),and the larest was in the internal medicine department(39.93%).CONCLUSIONS Medical personnel's hand hygiene consciousness is still weak,with lacked hand hygiene related knowledge,it is necessary to summarize a set of reasonable effective intervention plans to elevate the hand hygiene execution rate,reduce the hospital infection percentage,and lower the patient pain and the economic loss.