The risk factors for predicting or diagnosing bone metastases from urinary bladder neoplasms / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical significance of some risk factor,such as blood calcium serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hemoglobin (Hb) for predicting or diagnosing bone metastases from urinary bladder neoplasms.Methods A total of 35 patients diagnosed as urinary bladder neoplasms and bone metastasis based on the histopathologic analysis (bone metastasis group,BM),and 105 cases of age-,sex-and follow-up time matched urinary bladder neoplasms patients without bone metastasis (non bone metastasis group,NBM) were included in present study.The correlations between clinical-pathological parameters (blood calcium,ALP,Hb) and bone metastases from urinary bladder neoplasms were analyzed and the risk factors for predicting or diagnosing bone metastases were identified.Results The levels of blood calcium,ALP and Hb were significantly higher at first diagnosis and follow-up period in BM group than in NBM group (P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the levels of calcium,ALP and Hb at first diagnosis were the independent risk factors for predicting the later incidence of bone metastases (P＜0.05).The levels of calcium,ALP and Hb in follow-up period were the independent risk factors for diagnosing bone metastases (P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis showed that the levels of calcium,ALP,Hb may give a more accurate prediction on bone metastases (AUC:0.615,0.704,0.692;cut-off:2.55mmol/L,97.0U/L,101.5g/L,respectively) or diagnosing bone metastases (AUC:0.706,0.776,0.829;cut-off:2.46mmol/L,112.5U/L,103.5g/L,respectively).Conclusion The levels of blood calcium,ALP and Hb may be used to predict the risk of bone metastases for patients firstly diagnosed as urinary bladder neoplasms,and predict whether the patients will be complicated with bone metastases during follow-up period.

Inhibition of proliferation and transforming growth factor beta3 protein expression by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ligands in human uterine leiomyoma cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Rosiglitazone is known as the most potent and specific peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand. It has potentially far-reaching effects on pathophysiological processes, from cancer to atherosclerosis and diabetes. However, it is not clear whether rosiglitazone affects the protein expression of transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF-beta3) and the cell proliferation in human uterine leiomyoma cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human uterine leiomyoma tissues were dissected and cultured. Cells were divided into 5 groups: one control group and other four groups with different concentrations of rosiglitazone (10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9) and 10(-10) mol/L). Cells were cultured for 72 hours in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. MTT reduction assay was used to detect the cell proliferation. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of PPAR-gamma and TGF-beta3. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of PPAR-gamma and TGF-beta3 proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MTT reduction assay indicated that the treatment with rosiglitazone (from 10(-7) to 10(-9) mol/L) resulted in an inhibition of the cell growths after 72 hours (P < 0.01). RT-PCR analysis revealed that 10(-7) mol/L rosiglitazone significantly affected the gene expression at 72-hour: PPAR-gamma mRNA expression was up-regulated and TGF-beta3 mRNA was down-regulated and rosiglitazone at the concentration of 10(-7) mol/L affected these most effectively (P < 0.01). Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that treatment with 10(-7) mol/L rosiglitazone resulted in the significant changes of PPAR-gamma and TGF-beta3 protein expressions compared with the other treatment groups and the control group at 72-hour (P < 0.01). All the effects of rosiglitazone on uterine leiomyoma cells were dose- and time-dependent in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study demonstrates that the PPAR-gamma activator, rosiglitazone, inhibits the cell proliferation partly through the regulations of PPAR-gamma and TGF-beta3 expressions. The cross-talk between the signal pathways of PPAR-gamma and TGF-beta3 may be involved in the process.</p>

Mechanism of Isometric Exercise in Cardiac Rehabilitation / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Isometric exercise(IE) is an essential component of daily living activities.Lack of IE may result in deconditioning of IE capacity.IE has not been used in cardiac rehabilitation because of poor understanding in cardiovascular response to IE and the Valsalva Maneuver associated with IE.Eingteen healthy young subjects aged 23.7 yrs on average was studied by administration of beta blocker and antagonist of opioids during IE.The result demonstrated that the regulation of cardiovasular response during IE is attributed to both sympathetic system and opioids activity.Twenty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were also studied during brief maximal IE,sustained maximal IE and dynamic exercise(DE).The patients included 13 cases with more than one vessel lesions and 7 post myocardial infarction and/or angina.Ten age matched apparent healthy subjects were examined as the control group.The result showed that IE without the Valsalva Maneuver in patients with CAD might increase coronary artery perfusion by enhancing diastolic pressure and prolonging diastolic period,which had no harmful effect on CAD.Hemodynamic responses and cardiac function were weaker during IE than DE.The intensity of the responses to IE was correlated to the central command but not to the absolute work load.It is concluded that significant release of endogenous opioids due to strong central command during IE,especially perceived maximal sustained IE,may help to attenuate activity of sympathetic system,thus reducing risk of exercise in patients with CAD.