ABSTRACT
· Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a place where it folds and synthesizes the proteins.ER stress was induced when a variety of physiological and pathological factors happened,under which the protein misfolding occurred,the unfolded protein accumulated and the calcium ion imbalanced in the ER.The ER of high-glucose environment can change the protein redox state and produce reactive oxygen species,which affects the ER channel function and chaperone protein buffer;meanwhile changes the balance of calcium ions;finally induces the formation of ER stress.More and more studies have confirmed that ER stress in high glucose environment can cause a variety of ophthalmic diseases.So we review the recent articles about ER stress of high glucose environment and its related ophthalmic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Accompanying with the development of technological level,optical coherence tomography plays a more and more important role in predicting the surgical outcome for idiopathic macular hole.Preoperative morphologic parameters like minimum diameter,base diameter,maximum height,macular hole index,hole form factor,tractional hole index,macular hole closure index,photoreceptor inner-outer segment junction,cone outer segment tips line,central subfield retinal thickness and macular hole inner opening diameter were proved correlated to postoperative visual acuity and anatomical results.It has important application value to know these predictors to judge the surgical outcome and deepen understanding of idiopathic macular hole.
ABSTRACT
Corneal endothelial cell(CEC)is the most critical part for the cornea, of which activity can influence the postoperative vision.It is very important for the clinical cornea preservation considering the function and its self-purification of donor cornea.There are a variety of classical methods, which can significantly prolong the saving time of donor cornea with its good quality of CEC.We reviewed the published papers about present preservation methods of cornea, which can give us many suggestions for the clinical cornea preservation.
ABSTRACT
Background Our previous study demonstrated that kallikrein-kinin is a special protein in vitreous of the eye with proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),and the expression intensity of kallikrein-kinin showed the positive correlation with the grade of PVR.Objective This study was to further explore whether kallikrein-kinin participate in the formation of PVR.Methods Rat retinal pigment epithelial cell line(RPE-J cells) was cultured in DMEM containing 4% fetal bovine serum and then prepared into suspension by PBS with the cells density of 2.5×108 cells/ml.Platelet-rich plasma was prepared by PBS with the platelet 2.5×108 /ml.RPE cell suspension(4μl) and platelet-rich plasma(6μl) was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 30 clean Wistar rats to establish the PVR models,and 10μl sterile pyrogen-free normal saline solution was used in the same way in other matched rats as controls.The PVR was graded on Francine's criteria in 1 day,3,7,14,21,28 days after injection under the slit lamp.The serum,vitreous and retina were obtained in 28 days after injection to assess the expression of bradykinin using Western blot.The histopathology examination of rat retina was performed in the 28th day after injection.This experimental procedure followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Typical PVR was seen in 25 models with the successful rate 89.3% at 28 days after injection.PVR 1,2,3 grades were respectively exhibited in 7,14,28 days under the slit lamp.Infiltration of inflammatory cells and migration of RPE cells were found in the 7th day.In the 14th day after injection,RPE cells transformed into fibroblasts and retinal detachment occurred after that.Western blot analysis revealed that bradykinin was detected in vitreous,serum and retinal samples of rats in experimental and control rats,but the expression intensity was higher in the rats of model groups.Conclusion Intravitreal co-injection of RPE cells and platelet-rich plasma can effectively induce a model of PVR in Wistar rat.The kallikrein-kinin system probably takes part in the onset of PVR.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>With advances in pediatric keratoplasty over the last two decades, the success rate of surgery has increased remarkably. However, few epidemiological studies in this field have been performed in China. The present study investigated the indications and characteristics of pediatric penetrating keratoplasty in Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All records of pediatric keratoplasty performed on 156 eyes in 149 children (< 14 years) at four ophthalmic units in Shanghai during a 5-year period (2003 - 2007) were used for this retrospective study. Patients were from the Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai No.10 People's Hospital, Shanghai No.1 People's Hospital, and Shanghai Peace Ophthalmology Hospital; and included mostly school-age children (97 boys and 59 girls).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age at surgery was 9 years with an interval quartile range of 6-12 years. Scarring after keratitis (29.5%, 46/156) and traumatic corneal scar (19.2%, 30/156) were the most common indications. Best Corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCSVA) was reported only in 72% (112/156) of cases. Visual acuity outcomes were significantly better for keratoplasty 1 year postoperatively compared to preoperative visual acuity (P = 0.001). Of all patients, 13% (14/112) achieved a BCSVA of 6/18 or better. None of the indications was associated with a higher rate of failure compared to after 1 year follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We obtained valuable information on pediatric keratoplasty in Shanghai. There was no significant difference in graft survival rate among the two indications. Vision outcomes after corneal transplantation in Chinese children were significantly better compared with pre-operation status. In conclusion, corneal graft survival can be achieved in childhood.</p>