Time trends and age-related characteristics of cardio-cerebrovascular deaths in Hunan / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time trends and age-related characteristics of mortality and disease burden for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Hunan, China during three periods (1973-1975, 1990-1992 and 2004-2005).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cardiocerebrovascular death data of Hunan residents were collected by three national retrospective sample surveys of death. Cause-specific mortality, proportion, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and associated indicators were identified in the population of Hunan in above mentioned three periods. Time trends of age-specific mortality rate were assessed by fitting curvilinear regression lines and the increase rates of mortality with age were analyzed in each period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The standard all-cause mortality of residents in Hunan decreased (chi2 = 189.947, P < 0.001, chi2 = 54.201, P < 0.001; chi2 = 27,396.898, P < 0.001) while the standard mortality for CVD increased (chi2 = 54.201, P < 0.001; chi2 = 27,396.898, P < 0.001) from 1973 to 2005. The age-specific mortality rate for CVD increased with age in all three periods, especially for citizens older than 60 years. There were age stages in each period in which the mortality increase rate was the fastest (10-14 and 15-19 years old in 1973-1975; 10-14, 15-19 and over 80 years old in 1990-1992; 15-19 and over 80 years old in 2004-2005). Exponential regression function (y = b0e(b1x)) can be used for the proper description of age-specific mortality change. The ratio of YPLL for CVD in all death causes showed increase trend (chi2 = 275,630.407, P < 0.001). YPLL rate (YPLLs per 1000) in 1973-1975 was higher than those in 1990-1992 and 2004-2005. YPLL rate was positively correlated with mortality in all periods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mortality for CVD increased with time and aging. People older than 60 years were threatened by CVD mostly. Mortality trend analysis also found higher CVD deaths in people age 15-19 in Hunan residents.</p>

A case-control study on the risk factors for inguinal hernia in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Inguinal hernia is a common birth defect in children, but there is limited information about the risk factors for this disorder. The study aimed to explore the risk factors for the development of this disorder in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A frequency matching case-control study based on hospital group data was performed. One hundred and thirty-two 0-6 years old children with inguinal hernia and 132 aged-matched controls were enrolled. Children's general characteristics and their mothers' general characteristics before and during pregnancy were obtained by a questionnaire survey. Risk factors for inguinal hernia were investigated by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of inguinal hernia was related to children's cry and unease records (OR=3.70195%CI1.724-7.945), maternal consumption for pickles (OR=2.53495%CI: 1.279-5.021) and maternal anemia (OR=3.76195%CI1.497-9.450) one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and the family history of inguinal hernia (OR=13.50595%CI5.825-31.307).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Children's cry and unease records, maternal anemia and pickle consumption one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and family history of inguinal hernia are risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia in children.</p>

Association between environmental risk factor exposure in the first trimester and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: a case-control study / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the environmental risk factors during the first trimester responsible for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate to collect data for prevention of this congenital defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors by means of field investigation with standardized questionnaires. Single factor analysis and logistic regression of the data are performed using SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multifactorial analysis revealed that folic acid was significantly associated with lowered incidence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR=0.100, 95%CI: 0.032-0.312), whereas maternal infection (OR=4.155, 95%CI: 2.166-7.970), poisonous chemical exposure (OR=6.816, 95%CI: 2.528-18.381) and emotional stress (OR=3.250, 95%CI: 1.477-7.154) were risk factors for this defect.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Sufficient follic acid intake and prevention of infection and poisonous chemical exposure during the first trimester are measures to reduce the risks of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents of Bidens bipinnata L / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the bioactive chemical constituents in Bidens bipinnata L. for treatment of diabetes. Methods: Extraction was done with 80% EtOH; isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel, C18 silica gel column, and Sephadex-LH2O column; and the chemical structures of the products were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Nine compounds were obtained from Bidens bipinnata L. and their chemical structures were identified as: quercitin(I), hyperoside (II),quercitin-7-O-rhamnopyranoside(III), 6,7,3′4′-tetrahydroxy aurone(IV),4,5-di-O- caffeoyl quinic acid(V), stigmasterol 3-O-glucopyranoside (VI),ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(VII), okanin(VII),and luteolin(IX). Conclusion: Except for okanin and hyperoside, the rest 7 compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time.

A 1:1 Matched Case-control Study on the Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia in Children / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To explore the risk factors for inguinal hernia in children.Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study which based on hospital group data was carried out.201 cases aged 0～6 years with inguinal hernia and controls were enrolled,and their parents were investigated with questionaire.Conditional logistic regression model was used for single factor and multivariate factoranalysistoestimateoddsratios(OR) and the 95% eonfidence interval(95% CI).Results Inguinal hernia was related to ehildren ' s constipation(0R=3.520,95%CI:1.238~10.015),children's cry(OR=6.532,95%CI:2.651~16.091),mother ate pickles(OR=2.529, 95%CI:1.271~5.031) and maternal anemia(OR=6.809,95%CI:2.530～18.322) during the period of one month before pregnancy and the first 3 months of gestation,the children's family history of inguinal hernia(OR=I 1.250,95%CI:4.766～26.553).Conclusion Children's constipation,children's cry,maternal anemia and eating pickles during the period of one month before pregnancy and the first 3 months of gestation,children ' s family history of inguinal hernia are the risk factors for children' s inguinal hernia.