ABSTRACT
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most disabling dis¬eases with high incidence, which involves the entire joint and its diseased tissues include cartilage, subchondral bone and synovi¬um.For the exploration of its pathogenesis, the current research focuses on: ( 1 ) cartilage damage caused by cartilage metabo¬lism imbalance.'Hie reasons include aging, trauma, obesity, biological rhythm changes, biological mechanics and other fac¬tors: (2) abnonnal bone remodeling of subchondral bone, resul¬ting in subchondral bone sclerosis and bone spurs; ( 3 ) cartilage debris leads to synovial inflammation caused by synovial macro¬ phages and T cells.At present, there have been clinical and pre-clinical studies of a variety of targeted small molecule drugs for the above symptoms.This review focuses on the current un¬derstanding of the underlying pathogenesis of OA, and emphasi-zes the important role of chondrocytes, macrophages, and osteo¬clasts, as well as the latest research progress in drug therapy at this stage.