Determination of prucalopride in human plasma by LC-MS/MS analysis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To develop an LC-MS/MS method for the determination of prucalopride(PCP)in human plasma.Methods Prucalopride -13CD3(dPCP)was used as the internal standard.The analytes were extracted from human plasma through liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate, followed by being dried, and then the reconstitution was injected into LC-MS/MS systems.Agilent ZORBAX SB C18(3.0×100 mm, 3.5 μm)column and isocratic elution system composing of methanol and 1 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate(80:20, V/V)provided chromatographic separation of PCP and dPCP.AB Sciex API4000 mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was employed for mass detection, and data acquisition was carried out in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode.The mass transition ion-pair was followed as m/z 368.4/196.0 for PCP and m/z 374.4/198.0 for dPCP.Results PCP and dPCP were eluted at 3.6 min, with no interference in human blank plasma.PCP in human plasma showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.058 96-7.547 μg·L-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.996 3-0.999 6.The lower limit of quantitation of this method was 0.058 96 μg·L-1.The intra-batch and inter-batch accuracy ranged from 98.29% to 108.2%, with good precision(CV<5.2%).The average matrix factors of normal, haemolysed and lipaemic matrix human samples all ranged from 96.48% to 106.3% with CV less than 8.39%.The average extraction recoveries of PCP at low, medium and high concentrations were 89.88%, 95.27% and 94.52% respectively, with CV less than 7.21%.PCP was stable in human samples after 6 h at room temperature, 60 h at -20 ℃, 56 days or three freeze-thaw cycles at -80 ℃; meanwhile, the processed plasma samples remained stable after being stored for 24 hours in autosampler at 8 ℃.Furthermore, PCP in human blood samples was proved to be stable after 4 h at room temperature.Conclusions The present LC-MS/MS method for the determination of PCP in human plasma was convenient, accurate, sensitive, stable, specific and reproducible and was proved to be suitable for the clinical pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence studies of PCP preparations.

Surveillance of adverse events following immunization in Henan Province, China between 2010-2011 / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological features of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Henan Province, China and to evaluate the safety of vaccines currently used in Henan.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The AEFI cases reported in Henan from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 were collected through the China Surveillance System of Information on National Immunization Program. The descriptive method was used for epidemiological analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 2415 cases of AEFI were reported in Henan from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011, and 1238 (51.26%) of them were found in Zhengzhou, Luoyang, and Jiaozuo cities. The male-to-female ratio was 1.32:1. Seven hundred and ninety-nine (33.08%) of these cases were less than one year old. Measles vaccine and DPT vaccine (against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) were the main causes of AEFI, contributing to 61.24% of cases; the incidence rates of AEFI among people receiving measles and DPT vaccines were 30.3/105 and 5.0/105, respectively. 1528 cases (63.27%) developed AEFI after the first dose of vaccination. Inflammation and allergic symptoms were the predominant adverse effects caused by the top 5 vaccines AEFI-causing vaccines, and the clinical manifestations were significantly different among AEFI cases caused by different vaccines (χ2=304.5, P<0.001). Among the 2415 AEFI cases, 1946 (80.58%) had common adverse reaction, 348 (14.41%) had rare adverse reaction, 98 (4.06%) had coupling disease, 13 (0.51%) had psychogenic reaction, and 10 (0.41%) had reaction for unknown reasons. The prognosis of most AEFI cases was good, with a cure rate as high as 90.64%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AEFI occurs mostly in young children and after the first dose of vaccination. This should be brought to the attention of vaccination service personnel and the children's parents.</p>

PET study of effects of combination of different points on glucose metabolism in the patient of cerebral infarction / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of combination of different points on glucose metabolism in the patient of cerebral infarction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Fengchi (GB 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Taichong (LR 3) were selected for the Xingnao Kaiqiao group (n =7), and Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) for the routine acupuncture group (n = 5). PET-CT was used to observe the local cerebral glucose metabolism.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cerebral regions activated in the the Xingnao Kaiqiao group included infarction center, gyrus temporalis superior, thalamus, gyrus temporalis inferior, gyrus rectus, insula, lateral occipital lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum, and in the routine acupuncture group included gyrus frontalis inferior, caudate nucleus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus, precuneus and parietal lobe.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PET is very suitable for exploring acupuncture mechanisms in treatment of cerebral infarction, and further shows the specificity of acupoints-brain functional region.</p>

Survey of point prescriptions of acupuncture treatment for urinary retention / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize characteristics of the point prescriptions for acupuncture treatment of urinary retention from 1994 to 2005.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Review of literature was made from following five aspects: body acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, ear acupuncture, hand acupuncture and abdomen acupuncture. For the prescriptions of body acupuncture, further analysis was made on single point prescription, distal-proximal point association, superior-inferior point association, point selection according to syndrome differentiation and point selection according to disease differentiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture has affirmative therapeutic effect on urinary retention. However, there are still problems to be resolved in clinical researches at present.</p>

Effects of acupuncture on blood-lipid levels in the patient of cerebral infarction with hyperlipidemia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture method for consciousness-restoring resuscitation on cerebral infarction with hyperlipidemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of apoplexy with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into a consciousness-restoring resuscitation acupuncture group (treatment group) and a Chinese medicine control group (control group), 30 cases in each group. TCM symptomatic scores and indexes of blood lipids were detected before and after treatment in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate for improvement of blood lipids was 72.4% in the treatment group, which was not different from that (65.5%) in the control group (P> 0.05); the total effective rate for clinical symptoms was 89.7% in the treatment group, which was better than that (62.1%) in the control group (P < 0.05). The treatment group was superior to the control group in improvement of numbness and twinge in extremities, dizziness, distention and oppressed feeling in chest and hypochondrium, anorexia, sleepy and weakness (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture method for consciousness-restoring resuscitation can regulate metabolic disorder of lipids and improve main clinical symptoms in the patient of cerebral infarction with hyperlipidemia.</p>