ABSTRACT
Age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) is a kind of age-related blinding degenerative fundus lesions, totally about 30 million patients suffering from AMD all over the world, with about 500 000 people blind for it yearly. As the development of economy and the aging of the population intensified, incidence of AMD indicates a trend of rising year by year, being the third major cause of blindness in our country. At present, the pathogenesis of AMD is not fully clear, as reported it may be related to oxidative stress, inflammatory immune response, VEGF and genetic manipulation. Clinical treatments mainly include photodynamic therapy, drug therapy, radiation therapy, laser photocoagulaory operation, the pupil warm treatments, Chinese medicine and intravitreous injection VEGF antagonists such as Ranibizumab, Conbercept and so on. ln this issue, we mainly expound on the progress in the epidemiological studies of AMD, especially elaborate the progress made on genetic manipulation in recent years.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Equatorial lens epithelial cells proliferate and differentiate into fiber cells throughout life, while central lens epithelial cells proliferate little and do not form fiber cells. This study aimed to investigate the differences in gene expression between the central and the peripheral epithelial cells of the bovine lens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lens epithelia were dissected into central (<or= 11.5 mm diameter, cLEC) and peripheral regions (pLEC). The differences in gene expression and protein accumulation between these two regions were assayed by microarray analysis and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Differently expressed proteins were validated by immunoanalyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>By microarray analysis, 67 transcripts were at least two-fold lower and 269 at least two-fold higher in pLEC compared with that in cLEC. Thirty-four protein spots, including 20 in cLEC and 14 in pLEC, were identified by two dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Of these 34 protein products, 28 were represented by probe sets on the microarray. Nine transcripts changed in the same direction and four transcripts in the opposite direction to their protein products. Immunoanalyses revealed that three (mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), nidogen (NID), small nuclear ribonucleoprotein N (SNRPN)) out of four transcripts with opposite change between 2-DE and microarray assay showed the same changes as the results of 2-DE gel analyses. The genes differently expressed between cLEC and pLEC mainly include those related to the MAPK, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling and glycolysis pathways.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that there were distinctly different genome activities, including a specific group of pathways, between central and peripheral lens epithelial cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Physiology , Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional , Epithelium , Metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation , In Vitro Techniques , Lens, Crystalline , Metabolism , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Objective To compare the effect of cimetidine associated with bletilla striata,rhubarb on peptic ulcer,cushingulcer,acute erosive gastritis,bleeding of esophagus and gastric funds varicosis of cirrhotic portal hyper- tension and gastri cancer.Methods 136 patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were randomly divided into 2 groups.The treated group(n=69)was given cimitidine associated with bletilla striata,rhubarb and the control group(n=67)was given cimitidine only.The effects of hemostasis in 2 groups were observed.Results The effect of hemostasis in the treated group was better than that in the control group on peptic ulcer,cushingulcer,acute ero- sive gastritis and gastric cancer(P＜0.05).There were no difference between 2 groups about bleeding of esophagus and gastric funds varicosis of cirrhotic portal hypertension(P＞0.05).Conclusion The effect of hemostasis on up- per gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated by integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine might achieve better on cushingulcer,acute erosive gastritis,peptic ulcer and gastri cancer.It has less adverse effect and more safety.