ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the species and activities of wild animals infected with schistosome in hilly and mountain areas by using an infrared camera technique, so as to provide the evidence for the surveillance of schistosomiasis in these areas. Methods Six infrared cameras were selected and placed in 6 environments of the risk monitoring points of schistosomiasis in Shitai County in Anhui Province. The species and activities of the wild animals in the 6 environments were observed through the photographs and videos taken by the cameras. Results Through 5 day’s monitoring, 3 wild mammals, such as voles, hares and wild boars, were found in 4 monitoring environments, of which voles were found at 2 environments with snails, and hares, wild boars and voles were found in 2 environments adjacent to environments with snails respectively. The monitoring showed that the vole activity was most frequent in the monitored environment. Conclusion The use of infrared camera technique has a good effect in the investigation of wild animal infectious source of schistosomiasis, and it is also suitable for the monitoring work in other types of environments.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of cementing ditch-based project on schistosomiasis control in the irrigation ar-ea of Dingshen River basin in Shitai County,Anhui Province.Methods The data of Oncomelania hupensis snail surveys from 2009 to 2015 and the data of schistosome infections in humans and livestock from 2009 to 2015 were collected,and the changes of the epidemic situation were analyzed and compared before and after the project.Results In the cementing ditches,the occur-rence rate of living snails decreased by 68.79% and the average density of living snails decreased by 97.78%,whereas in the control areas without ditch hardening,the occurrence rate of living snails increased by 72.49% and the average density of living snails increased by 37.16%.The infection rate in humans decreased by 100%.Of 161 bovines examined with the egg-hatching method during the period,no infections were found.Conclusion The cementing ditch-based project has a good effect on reduc-ing the density of snails and controlling schistosomiasis.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression and significance of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and tissues along the incision margin (TIM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The presence and the level of expression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha were determined in 168 specimens from ESCC and 42 from tissues along TIM by EnVision immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, to compare their positive staining rates and explore the correlation between their expressions and clinicopathologic features in ESCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive staining rates of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 alpha in ESCC and TIM were 62.0% and 42.1%, 92.7% and 63.2%, 57.9% and 22.2%, and 33.7% and 18.5%, respectively. There was very significant difference between the expression of HSP60 and HSP70 in ESCC and TIM (P < 0.01), but not significant about HSP27 and HSP90 alpha (P > 0.05). The positive staining rate of HSP27 declined with the lower grade of differentiation of ESCC (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The present findings suggest that the expression of HSPs of different molecular weight in ESCC and TIM is a common event. The level of expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 are higher than those in TIM. HSP60 and HSP70 expression correlated with the biological behavior of ESCC. The expression of HSP27 was positively correlated to the grade of differentiation of ESCC. Overexpression of HSP27 may be associated to the differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Differentiation , Chaperonin 60 , Metabolism , Chi-Square Distribution , Esophageal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Esophagus , Chemistry , Pathology , HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins , HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , Heat-Shock Proteins , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Proteins , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To isolate cells of interest from heterogeneous tissue blocks to obtain accurate representations of molecular alterations acquired by neoplastic cells so as to meet the demands of further study on gene expression patterns of the esophageal carcinoma (EC) evolution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Blocks of EC were stored at -70 degrees C as close as possible to the time of surgical resection. The tissue block was embedded in OCT and frozen sections of 35 microns in thickness were cut in a cryostat under strict RNAse-free conditions. Individual frozen sections were mounted on plain glass slides and 30-gauge needle attached to a 1 ml syringe was used to microdissect defined cells in the sections. The procured cells were used for total RNA extraction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>An optimized protocol of manual microdissection was developed successfully whereby regions with an area as small as 1/25 mm2 could be accurately dissected. The RNA recovered from procured cells was of high quality suitable for subsequent applications of molecular analysis as assessed of 18S and 28S rRNAs by electrophoresis on agarose gel.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>It is believed that manual microdissection is capable to procure defined cell populations from complex primary tissues, thus allowing investigation of tissue-, cell-, and function-specific gene expression patterns. The technique is simple, easy to perform, versatile, and of particular usefulness when laser capture microdissection (LCM) is practically unavailable.</p>