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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the movement of posterior teeth after losing the interproximal and occlusal contacts in adults from the amount and speed of mesial-distal, buccal-lingual, occlusal-gingival and three-dimensional movements.@*METHODS@#Twenty cases of metal post-core restoration from the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were recruited into this study, which was an observational study. The restored teeth had complete mesial, distal, and occlusal contacts before treatment. All the interproximal and occlusal contacts were removed during the preparation for the post-core. The three-dimensional positions of the post-core preparation were obtained by the intraoral scanner at the day of tooth preparation and that of post-core placement. The amounts of mesial-distal, buccal-lingual and occlusal-gingival tooth movement were measured in the software. On this basis, the amount of three-dimensional tooth movement was calculated. The speed of tooth movement was calculated based on the elapsed time between the two scans.@*RESULTS@#Ten females and ten males with an average age of (29.5±4.9) years were recruited. The average elapsed time was (10.9±2.7) days. The amount of the mesial-distal tooth movement was (134.8±61.2) μm, of the buccal-lingual tooth movement was (110.3±39.5) μm, of the occlusal-gingival tooth movement was (104.8±57.5) μm, and of the three-dimensional tooth movement was (211.4±71.0) μm, respectively. The amounts of mesial-distal, buccal-lingual and three-dimensional tooth movements were larger in female than in male (P < 0.05). The speed of the mesial-distal tooth movement was (13.1±7.8) μm/d, of the buccal-lingual tooth movement was (10.6±4.5) μm/d, of the occlusal-gingival tooth movement was (10.1±6.8) μm/d, and of the three-dimensional tooth movement was (20.5±9.7) μm/d, respectively. The speed of mesial-distal and buccal-lingual tooth movements were larger in female than in male (P < 0.05). The speed of three-dimensional tooth movement was slightly larger in female than in male, while there was no significant difference between different genders (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The three-dimensional position of posterior teeth changed after losing the interproximal and occlusal contacts in adults. The female had more significant and faster tooth movement than the male.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Software , Tooth , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
@#AIM: To study the changes of serum IL-6, ADPN, Apelin, hs-CRP and VEGF levels in patients with RVO, and to explore their association with the occurrence and development of RVO from a molecular perspective.<p>METHODS:Totally 72 cases of RVO, including 35 cases of central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO)and 37 cases of branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO). They were divided into groups 1 and 2. 32 senile cataract patients were collected as control group. The time of onset, visual acuity, history of cardio cerebral vascular disease and Macular edema thickness were recorded. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of IL-6, ADPN, Apelin, hs-CRP and VEGF in blood serum, which were closely related to inflammation and arteriosclerosis.<p>RESULTS: The mean value of Apelin in group BRVO was 6.69(4.25, 10.52)ng/mL, and CRVO group was 7.12(3.78, 8.58)ng/mL, and the two groups were higher than those in control group 1.19(0.74, 1.49)ng/mL(<i>P</i><0.05). The mean value of ADPN in group BRVO was 8.06(4.67, 10.81)μg/mL, while in group CRVO was 9.74(4.10, 11.67)μg/mL. The mean value of IL-6 in group BRVO was 35.89(17.63, 37.50)pg/mL, while in group CRVO was 37.16(11.52, 42.80))pg/mL. The mean value of hs-CRP in group BRVO was 161.10(54.51, 164.01)μg/mL. The mean value of VEGF in group BRVO was 158.25(82.24, 230.41)pg/mL, while in group CRVO was 174.14(76.04,243.98)pg/ml(<i>P</i>>0.05). There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.<p>CONCLUSION:By comparing the levels of serum IL-6, ADPN, Apelin, hs-CRP and VEGF in 72 RVO patients and 32 senile cataract patients, Apelin was found to be higher than that in the control group. Apelin may be one of the related risk factors for RVO. The expression of ADPN, IL-6, hs-CRP, VEGF, RVO in acute stage no specificity.
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase, is known as the "cellular energy regulator" and a key molecule to maintain the energy balance of cells and organism. Recent studies have shown that AMPK exerts anti-inflammatory effects mainly through activating SIRT1, PGC-1α, p53, FoxO3a and p300, and down-regulating the activity of various inflammatory related proteins such as NF-κB and AP-1. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of the anti- inflammatory effects of AMPK, and provides some clues for the development of AMPK-targeted therapeutics to treat inflammation and related diseases.
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Objective To grasp the distribution status of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Poyang Lake area,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting the schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy in lake areas. Methods The vec-tor grid was created and sampled randomly by 200 m × 200 m in the spatial database of grassland,and the distribution of snails was investigated in the selected grid by using the method of mechanical sampling by 50 m × 50 m. At the same time,the eleva-tion of investigation points was extracted based on the topographic map of Poyang Lake. Results Totally 949 and 210 investiga-tion points were collected from the south and north of Poyang Lake areas,accounting for 3.04%and 3.21%of all the investiga-tion points in the respective region. The number of investigation points,the appearance rate of snail frame,and the average den-sity of alive snails were 15231,8.15%,and 0.463/0.1 m2,respectively. The elevation of snail distribution area of the south and north Poyang Lake areas were 11-16 m and 9-16 m respectively. The elevation of concentrated snail belts of the south Poyang Lake area were 12-13 m and 15-16 m,and the elevation of concentrated snail belts of the north Poyang Lake area was 12-14 m. Conclusions The distribution of snails is in the range of 9-16 m. The suitable habitats of snail breeding are moving from the south Poyang Lake area to the north Poyang Lake area,and from high elevation to low elevation. In the future,the schistosomia-sis prevention and control measures could be formulated based on the geographical characteristics of current snail distribution in order to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of quercetin on cholesterol accumulation and cholesterol flow in RAW264.7 macrophages and explore the potential mechanism underlying its anti-atherogenic activity. Methods: The inhibitory effect of quercetin on cholesterol accumulation induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was assessed by oil red O staining and total cholesterol (TC) specific kits in RAW264.7 macrophages. And the action of cholesterol efflux and influx was tested by fluorescent assays. Cholesterol flow-associated genes expression was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Results: Quercetin significantly inhibited the cholesterol accumulation. Treatment with quercetin (10 μmol/L) significantly enhanced cholesterol efflux and substantially inhibited cholesterol influx. RT-PCR showed that quercetin significantly increased the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), ATP-binding cassette, subfamily A1 (ABCA1) and subfamily G1 (ABCG1), decreased scavenger receptor (SR)-A1 and SR-A2. Conclusion: Quercetin might be a new inhibitor on intracellular cholesterol accumulation. Upregulation of the classical PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/ ABCG1 pathway and down-regulation of SR-A1 and SR-A2 may participate in its suppressive effect on intracellular cholesterol accumulation.
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Atherosclerosis, a common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, has attracted more and more attention world wide in recent years. Investigation of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is important for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Choice and establishment of experimental models play a vital role in these investigations. A proper experimental model not only can reduce costs and labors, but also reflect the nature of the experimental phenomenon which helps to achieve adequate experimental purposes. In this review, we introduce the proceedings in currently used animal and cellular models of atherosclerosis to provide reference for atherosclerosis researches.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the coverage errors (CE) of five different shade guides in anterio vital natural teeth of selected people.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anterior vital natural teeth were measured with Crystaleye spectrophotometer, color coordinates of the teeth and five shade guides A (VITA Classical), B (VITA 3D-Master), C (Chromascop), D (Shofu Vintage Halo NCC) and E (Noritake)were analyzed with the supporting software. The CE of the five shade guide systems to natural teeth were evaluated in cervical, body and incisal regions, and difference in CE among shade guides was determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the cervical region, shade guide A had the maximal CE value (3.09 ± 0.97) and shade guide D had the minimal CE value (1.62 ± 0.75).In the body region, CE of shade guide B (1.65 ± 0.64) and shade guide D (1.52 ± 0.74) were lower than those of shade guides A (2.04 ± 0.80), C (2.04 ± 0.90) and E (2.02 ± 0.84) (P < 0.05).In the incisal part, all CE were below 2.00, and again shade guide A had the maximal CE value (1.81 ± 0.86) and shade guide D had the minimal CE value (1.28 ± 0.55).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Within the limitation of the study, shade guide D had better color coverage of natural teeth in cervical, body and incisal regions.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Analysis of Variance , Color , Reference Standards , Colorimetry , Methods , Incisor , Mandible , Maxilla , Prosthesis Coloring , SpectrophotometryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of Kaixin-San (KXS) on behavior, brain monoamine transmitters, and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice receiving tail suspension test (TST), so as to explore the correlation of the antidepressant effect of KXS and hippocampal BDNF level. Methods The effect of KXS on the immobility time of mice in the TST was observed. The levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the brain were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Western blotting analysis was used to examine the expressions of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), p-CREB, and BDNF in the hippocampus. BDNF mRNA expression was also examined by RT-PCR. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to evaluate relationship between anti-depression effect of Kaixin-San and hippocampal BDNF level. Results KXS reduced the immobility time of mice in the TST (P<0.05); it also increased the brain levels of monoamine transmitters (DA and 5-HT) and hippocampal levels of CREB, p-CREB and BDNF compared with the control mice(P<0.05). Moreover, the anti-depression effect of KXS was correlated with BDNF level (protein:r=-0.694, P<0.01; mRNA:r=-0.547, P<0.01) in the hippocampus. Conclusion The anti-depression effect of KXS is positively correlated with the hippocampal BDNF level, indicating KXS may exert anti-depression effect via increasing hippocampal BDNF.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to transfect TPT1 into cell lines SMMC-7721 and L-02, seperately, and to observe the changes of biological behaviors of the cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Through lipofectamine, the eukaryotic report expression vector containing TPT1 ORF (open reading frame), pEGFP-N3TPT1, were transducted into hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721 cells and normal liver cell line L-02 cells, seperately. The transduction was repeated three times in 24 hrs. The differences of biological behaviors between the pEGFP-N3TPT1 and pEGFP-N3 groups were studied by RT-PCR, MTT assay, soft agar colony formation assay and cell cycle analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The pEGFP-N3TPT1 transfected cells had a high mRNA level in the two cell lines (P < 0.05) compared with the pEGFP-N3 controls. The ability of proliferation and the soft agar colony formation were enhanced in the SMMC-7721 transducted cells with pEGFP-N3TPT1 compared with that transducted with pEGFP-N3 (P < 0.05), and the cell cycle analysis showed that the cells in the phase G(2)+S/M increased after pEGFP-N3TPT1 transduction. In the L-02 cell line, we obtained similar results, pEGFP-N3TPT1 enhanced the colony formation in plate (P < 0.05), but not make it form colony in soft agar.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TPT1 can enhance malignant phenotype of SMMC-7721 cells and promote the growth of L-02 cells, but not transform L-02 into malignant phenotype.</p>
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Humans , Biomarkers, Tumor , Genetics , Physiology , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Cycle , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Genetic Vectors , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Hepatocytes , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Liver Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Open Reading Frames , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , TransfectionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of mTOR siRNA on mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells in vitro,and growth and apoptosis in transplanted tumor in nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>mTOR siRNA was transfected into ESCC cell line EC9706 cells. The expressions of factors of the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. DNA contents and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry, and cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay. The effects of mTOR siRNA on the transplanted tumor growth were assessed in nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The levels of mTOR and p-p70S6K were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) while the level of p70S6K was increased (P < 0.05) in the cells transfected with mTOR siRNA, compared with that in untransfected cells and cells transfected with control siRNA. After being interfered by mTOR siRNA, the number of apoptotic cells was increased, cell proliferation became slower and cell cycle was arrested in G(1) phase compared with that in control cells. Also, mTOR siRNA inhibited the growth of transplanted tumor in vivo.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>mTOR siRNA can effectively interfere in mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth, suggesting that mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.</p>