ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the imaging characteristics of moyamoya disease (MMD) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) and to discuss the role of HR-MRI in differentiating MMD from other intracranial artery diseases, especially intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD).</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>This review was based on the data in articles published between 2005 and 2015, which were obtained from PubMed. The keywords included HR-MRI, MMD, ICAD, and intracranial artery diseases.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Articles related to HR-MRI for MMD or other intracranial artery diseases were selected for review.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There are differences between the characteristic patterns of HR-MRI in MMD and ICAD. MMD is associated with inward remodeling, smaller outer diameters, concentric occlusive lesions and homogeneous signal intensity, while ICAD is more likely to be associated with outward remodeling, normal outer diameters, eccentric occlusive lesions, and heterogeneous signal intensity. Other intracranial artery diseases, such as dissection and vasculitis, also have distinctive characteristics in HR-MRI. HR-MRI may become a useful tool for the differential diagnosis of MMD in the future.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HR-MRI of MMD provides a more in-depth understanding of MMD, and it is helpful in evaluating pathological changes in the vessel wall and in differentiating MMD from other intracranial artery steno-occlusive diseases, particularly ICAD.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Diagnosis, Differential , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Middle Cerebral Artery , Pathology , Moyamoya Disease , DiagnosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the effect of simazine on selected immune parameters in BALB/c mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Simazine (90, 200, 400 mg/kg) was administrered by oral gavage for 21 days in adult BALB/c mice. The negative control group unith distilled water and positive control group administered with cyclophosphamide in abdominal cavity were also established. After the last simazine dose, the mice were sacrificed, and blood, spleens, and thymuses were collected and processed for detection. The relative weight of spleen and thymus was calculated. The rate of T cell in spleen and the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IgG and IgM were detected by ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weights of mice were decreased in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg simazine groups. Thymus and spleen weights were decreased in 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg simazine groups compared with the negative control group. The concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IgG and IgM in serum of 200 mg/kg group were (108.50 +/- 3.20) pg/ml, (36.54 +/- 3.36) pg/ml, (46.25 +/- 7.41) μg/ml, (17.58 +/- 2.23) μg/ml respectively;The concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IgG and IgM in serum of 400 mg/kg group were (85.70 +/- 4.00) pg/ml, (35.92 +/- 2.29) pg/ml, (40.08 +/- 6.80) μg/ml, (11.92 +/- 3.23) μg/ml respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). These results were decreased significantly compared with negative group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Simazine can inhibit the cellular immune function and the humoral immune function.</p>