Effect and mechanisms of pioglitazone on post operative cognitive function induced by surgery in elderly rats / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanisms of pioglitazone on post operative cognitive function induced by surgery in elderly rats.Methods Elderly SD rats,male and weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into control group (group Con),surgery group (group S),pioglitazone group (group P)and pioglitazone/surgery group (group PS).The level of glycemia was measured by glucometer after completing the surgical model.The expression of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)in hippocampal tissues was detected by western blot and reactive oxy-gen species (ROS)and IL-6 by ELISA 1 2 h after surgery.Morris water maze was used for evaluation of cognitive function 4 days after surgery.Results Compared with group Con,group S showed a sig-nificant increase in the expression of AGEs and IL-6 and the level of ROS (P<0.05);Compared with group S,the expression of AGEs and IL-6 and the level of ROS decreased significantly in group PS (P<0.05).Compared to group Con,the surgery increased the average time of escape latencies on the 8th days and 10th days after surgery and reduced the platform-crossing times in the Morris water maze test (P<0.05).Compared with group S,group PS showed a significant decrease in the average time of escaping latencies on the 10th day after surgery (P<0.05),and an increased platform-cross-ing times in the Morris water maze test (P<0.05).Conclusion These results suggest that pioglita-zone attenuates postoperative cognitive function and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of the expression of AGEs and IL-6 and the level of ROS.

Role of μ-δ heterodimer in down-regulation of expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 in hippocampi caused by reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of μ-δ heterodimer in down-regulation of the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) in hippocampi caused by reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy clean-grade male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-240 g,were assigned into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),extinction group (group E),reinstatement group (group R) and reinstatement plus interference plasmid group (group RI).The model of morphine-induced CPP was established,and extinction of CPP was gradually induced by stopping administration.A small dose of morphine 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected again to induce CPP reinstatement,and dwell time around the medicine box was recorded.μ-δ heterodimer interference plasmid 5 μl was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle after successful establishment of CPP model in group RI.The content of glutamate (Glu) in hippocampi was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography.The EAAT3 expression in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was detected using Western blot.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the dwell time around the medicine box or content of Glu in hippocampi (P＞0.05),and the expression of EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was significantly up-regulated in group E,and the dwell time around the medicine box was significantly prolonged,the content of Glu in hippocampi was increased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the expression of EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in group R (P＞0.05).Compared with group E,the dwell time around the medicine box was significantly prolonged,the content of Glu in hippocampi was increased,and the expression of EAAT3 in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions was down-regulated in group R (P＜0.05).Compared with group R,the dwell time around the medicine box was significantly shortened,the content of Glu in hippocampi was decreased,and the expression of EAAT3 in hippocampal CA 1 and CA3 regions was upregulated in group RI (P＜0.05).Conclusion μ-δ heterodimer is involved in down-regulation of EAAT3 expression in the hippocampus caused by reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP in rats.

MicroRNA-495 induces breast cancer cell migration by targeting JAM-A

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The deregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with a variety of diseases, including breast cancer. In the present study, we found that miR-495 was markedly up-regulated in clinical breast cancer samples by quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) was predicted to be a potential target of miR-495 by bioinformatics analysis and was subsequently verified by luciferase assay and Western blotting. JAM-A was found to be negatively correlated with the migration of breast cancer cells through loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays, and the inhibition of JAM-A by miR-495 promoted the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, overexpression of JAM-A could restore miR-495-induced breast cancer cell migration. Taken together, our findings suggest that miR-495 could facilitate breast cancer progression through the repression of JAM-A, making this miRNA a potential therapeutic target.

Effect of propofol pretreatment on the expression of p-JNK, MMP-9 and AQP-4 during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of propofol pretreatment on the expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) during focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Methods Seventy-two healthy male SD rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 18 each): sham operation group (group S), I/R group and propofol pretreatment group (P1 and P2). In group I/R, P1 and P2, focal cerebral I/R was induced by occlusion of middle cerebralartery for 2 h followed by 24 h of reperfusion. In group P1 and P2, intraperitioneal 0.5 % and 1% propofol 10 ml/kg were injected 30 rmin before ischemia respectively. In group I/R, normal saline 10 ml/kg was given instead of propofol 30 min before ischemia. Neurological deficit score (NDS) was assessed after consciousness was recovered. 2% Evans blue (EB) 3 ml/kg was injected intravenously 1 h before the animals were sacrificed at 24 h of reperfusion. The brain tissues were taken for determination of the brain water content, EB content and expression of p-JNK, MMP-9 and AQP-4. Results Compared with group S, the NDS and content of water and EB were significantly increased and the expression of p-JNK, MMP-9 and AQP-4 was up-regulated in group I/R, P1 and P2(P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group I/R, the NDS and content of water and EB were significantly decreased and the expression of p-JNK, MMP-9 and AQP-4 was down-regulated in group P1 and P2 (P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group P1 , the expression of p-JNK and MMP-9 was down-regulated (P ＜ 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the NDS, water and EB content and the expression of AQP-4 in group P2 (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Propofol pretreatment can reduce focal cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the activation of JNK signal pathway and up-regulation of MMP-9 and AQP-4 expression.

MOTOmed training patterns and somatosensory evoked potential in healthy youths / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To compare the effects of three different training patterns of MOTOmed training on the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of healthy youths. Methods Ten healthy young volunteers received training in patterned sequences of passive movement, active movement with no resistance and active movement with resistance. Each pattern lasted for 30 minutes and SEPs were examined before and after 90 minutes of training. The amplitude and latency of N9 and P40 were recorded. Results All three training patterns heightened SEP amplitude and lengthened SEP latency, but active training had the most obvious effect on amplitude. The rates of change of am-plitude after each training pattern had significant differences, which was most obvious after training the resistance training pattern. Conclusions MOTOmed motor training can excite the cerebral cortex and up-regulate SEP ampli-tude. Active movement with resistance is the most effective among the three patterns tested.

Use of dexamethasone in combination with azasetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy-A randomized controlled trial / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To observe the effectiveness of dexamethasone combined with azasetron for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting(PONV) in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods A total of 150 ASA(Ⅰ~Ⅱ) patients undergoing an elective LC were randomly divided into three groups with 50 patients in each group: Group D+A was given intravenous dexamethasone 5mg and azasetron 10mg(2ml) at the end of surgery,Group A received intravenous azasetron 10mg(2ml) at the end of surgery,and Group C received normal saline(NS) 2 ml as the control.Episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded for 24 h following the surgery.Results The incidence of nausea was 4% in the Group D+A(2/50),which was significantly lower than in the Group A(16%,8/50) and the Group C(34%,17/50)(?~2=4.00 and 14.62;P=0.046 and 0.000).The incidence of vomiting was 2% in the Group D+A(1/50),which was significantly lower than in the Group A (14%,(7/50)) and the Group C(32%,16/50)(?~2=4.89 and 15.95;P=0.027 and 0.000).The incidences of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower in the Group A than in the Group C(?~2=4.32 and 4.57;P=0.038 and 0.033).Conclusions Use of a low dose of dexamethasone in combination with azasetron is more effective than azasetron prophylaxis alone for a successful control of PONV after LC.

Effect of Stronger Neo-Mioniphagen C on Liver Function for the Patients with Hepatocarcinoma Associ-ated with Cirrhosis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of Stronger Neo-Mioniphagen C(SNMC)on liver function of the patients with hepatocarcinoma associated with cirrhosis.METHODS:55patients with hepatocarcinoma associated with cirrhosis were allocated to2groups randomly,group A:before operation SNMC(1ml/kg)was dripped intravenously to the patients,group B:before surgery NS(1ml/kg)was administered.On the1st、3rd、6th postoperative day,the index of liver function of the perive?nous blood were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:On the1st、3rd postoperative day,all the value of liver function in both group is higher than the basic,and the value in group A is lower than that in group B(P

Use of endoscopy in the treatment of calculus of intrahepatic or extrahepatic duct:A clinical study / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To discuss the application of endoscopic techniques in the treatment of calculus of intrahepatic or extrahepatic duct. Methods Laparoscopy in conjunction with duodenoscopy or cholangioscopy was adopted in 96 cases of calculus of intrahepatic or extrahepatic duct, including 72 cases of cholecystolithiasis complicated by choledocholithiasis, 16 cases of simple choledocholithiasis and 8 cases of left intrahepatic duct calculus complicated by choledocholithiasis. The surgical procedures included laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with EST (37 cases), LC combined with cholangioscopic exploration (54 cases), and laparoscopic left hepatic lobectomy combined with cholangioscopic exploration (5 cases). Results Postoperative re-examination revealed no residual calculus in 93 out of 96 patients. Small amounts of biliary leakage occurred in 4 patients and healed spontaneously within a mean time of 10 days. No other severe complications took place. A conversion to open surgery was required in 3 patients, 2 of which were high bile duct stricture and 1 of which were severe portal adhesion. Conclusions Endoscopy in the treatment of calculus of intrahepatic or extrahepatic duct is feasible. Proper application of multiple endoscopic techniques is a safe, effective and minimally invasive means for the treatment of cholelithiasis.

Epidural versus general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A randomized controlled study of 500 cases / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To compare the effects between epidural and general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods A total of 500 cases scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were randomly divided into the epidural anesthesia group (Group E, n=250) and the general anesthesia group (Group G, n=250). Results (1) Hemodynamic parameters: in both groups the cardiac output (CO) decreased significantly after CO 2 pneumoperitoneum ( P 0 05), without significant differences between the two groups; the central venous pressure (CVP) was transiently elevated after pneumoperitoneum ( P 0 05), with significant differences between the two groups ( P 0 05), without significant differences between the two groups. (2) Ventilative parameters: the mean airway pressure (P AWM ) and the peak airway pressure (P peak ) were remarkably elevated during the course of pneumoperitoneum in the Group G ( P

Experience of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients over 85 / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) in patients over 85 years old.Methods Three-port LC was performed in 79 patients aged over 85 years old from October 1996 to October 2006.Patients' co-morbidities were effectively controlled before operation.The operation was conducted under continuous epidural anesthesia,and the CO2 pneumoperitoneum pressure was set at 8～10 mm Hg.Results The LC was successfully completed in 70 patients,while conversions to open surgery were required in 9 patients(11.4%).Causes of conversions included severe intraperitoneal adhesion in 6 patients,uncontrolled bleeding in 1 patient,and suspicion of gallbladder carcinoma in 2 patients.Postoperative complications occurred in 10 patients(12.7%,10/79).Of them,1 patient died of acute myocardial infarction,and the remaining 9 patients were cured(including left heart failure in 1 patient,pulmonary infection in 2 patients,ileus in 1 patient,wound haematoma in 1 patient,fungal enteritis in 1 patient,and effusion in the gallbladder bed in 3 patients).Conclusions Proper peri-operative management,effective control of co-morbidities,and careful surgical performance are essential for a safe LC in patients over the age of 85.

Effect of laparoscopic hepatectomy on cellular immunity / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To compare the effects of laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) versus conventional laparotomy hepatectomy (CLH) on cellular immunity. Methods Fifteen ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients aged 34-61 yrs, weighing 48-75 kg undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) were studied. Another 15 patients aged 33-64 yrs, weighing 46-73 kg undergoing conventional laparotomy hepatectomy (CLH) served as control. The preoperative liver function was rated as Child classification A in both groups. The patients were premedicated with phenobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg i.m. . Anesthesia was induced with fenlanyl 4 ?g?kg-1, propofol 1.5 mg?kg-1 and succinylcholine 2 mg?kg-1. After tracheal intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated and PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Anesthesia was maintained with inhalation of isoflurane (MAC 1.0?0.31) and 60% N2O in O2 and intermittent i.v. boluses of vecuronium. The patients received after operation patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with 0.125% ropivacaine and morphine 0.05 ?g?kg-1?min-1. Radial artery and right internal jugular vein were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before operation and on the 1 st and 3rd postoperative day for determination of CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ T cells (by flow cytometry) and IL-6, TNF-?concentrations (ELBA) . Results CD3+ , CD4+ and CD8+ counts were significantly decreased while IL-6 and TNF-?levels were significantly increased on the 1st postoperative day compared with the baseline values before operation in both groups but there was no significant difference between the two groups. On the 3rd postoperative day CD3+ , CD4+ and CD8+ counts and IL-6, TNF-?levels returned to preoperative level in group LH while in group CLH CD3+ , CD4+ , CD8+ remained low and IL-6, TNF-?levels remained high.Conclusion The results suggest that LH exerts less effects on immune function than conventional laparotomy technique.

A pathological microenvironmental culture system consisting of cholestatic sera in duces embryonic stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate whether a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of cholestatic sera induces embryonic stem cells (ESC) to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro, and select hepatic stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem cells. METHODS: Mouse ESC, E14 cell line, were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 106 U/L recombinant mouse leukemia inhibitory factor (rmLIF) and 10% FCS. After embryonic bodies formed by the hanging drop culture method, they were exposed to fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) for one week, and then placed to a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera and cultured for 2 weeks. Morphological examination, immunocytochemical staining of albumin and CK8/18 were carried out, and mRNA level of albumin and transthyretin were detected by RT-PCR. Glycogen storage and urea synthesis of the cells were tested with PAS staining and colorimetric assay, respectively. RESULTS: The proliferation of cells was inhibited at the early stage when cultured in a pathological micro-environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera, but 2 weeks later, a large number of epithelial-like cell colonies were observed, which exhibited hepatocellular phenotype, expressing albumin and CK8/18, transcribing mRNA of albumin and transthyretin and synthesizing glycogen and urea. CONCLUSION: A pathological micro- environmental culture system consisting of 5% cholestatic sera could not only induce embryonic stem cells to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells, but select hepatic stem cells from differentiating embryonic stem cells initially induced by FGF-4 and HGF in vitro as well.