The past,present,and future of in vivo-implant-able recording microelectrodes:the neural interfaces / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Neural recording electrodes enable the acquisition and collection of electrical signals from neu-rons,and these recorded neural electrical signals are an important means of understanding neuronal activity.As a major component of the brain-machine interface,neu-ral recording electrodes serve as a bridge between the nervous system and external devices.The extracted information can be used to understand the state of the brain and acts as a feedback signal to regulate external devices,thus providing important information for the clini-cal treatment of neurological diseases.Moreover,the electrodes can be used as a vehicle for drug injection to directly treat diseases.Since the time that Strumwas-ser used microwires to achieve long-term recordings of neural activity in hibernating squirrels,implantable elec-trode technology has gradually improved over three gen-erations of development,and progress has been made in improving the biocompatibility,mechanical performance(size,shape,density,etc.),and signal-to-noise ratio.Implantable neural recording electrodes can acquire sig-nals from cortical and deep neural clusters,with the advantages of high signal-to-noise ratio,information con-tent,and spatial/temporal resolution.However,there is still a need to improve the structure and performance of these electrodes;for example,their high invasiveness and lack of biocompatibility pose technical difficulties in the process of translation to the clinic.This paper reviews the basic requirements for electrodes,main recording methods and signal types,common types of implant-able neural recording electrodes,and their challenges and future development directions.With the continuous development of electrode materials,equipment,systems,and neurotechnology,it should be possible to apply neu-ral recording electrodes in clinical practice,to promote safe and efficient treatment of human diseases.

Confusion and countermeasures of the non-conditioned anxiety test in rodent laboratory animals / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Anxiety is a major mood disorder, and the high morbidity, co-morbidity and disability of anxiety disorders seriously affect people's quality of life, so the importance and urgency of research on anxiety cannot be overstated. Animal models are the main carriers for studying the mechanism of disease occurrence and development, drug efficacy evaluation and drug development.Unconditioned anxiety model is a common anxiety model.Elevated plus maze test, open field test and light-dark box test are widely accepted paradigms for the detection of unconditioned anxiety.This kind of behavioral paradigm based on environmental exposure takes advantage of the conflict between curiosity and fear of the unfamiliar environment to simulate and detect the anxiety of animals.However, the validity of these behavioral paradigms for evaluating anxiety in animals is questionable.In this paper, we discuss the concept of anxiety, the definition of anxiety behavior in the behavioral test of unconditioned anxiety, and the factors to be considered in the test of unconditioned anxiety behavior.On this basis, new solutions were proposed to the contradictions and blind spots in order to improve the test paradigm of anxiety behavior and provide a more reliable animal model for the evaluation of anxiety.This paper presents a new approach to address the contradictions and blind spots of this paradigm.

Development of a dysmenorrhea quality of life scale based on Traditional Chinese Medicine theory / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:Dysmenorrhea is the common gynecological problem among adolescent girls and women of reproductive age. This study aim to develop a dysmenorrhea Quality of Life (QoL) scale based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory.Methods:We conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with TCM gynecologists and patients, and adapted items from previously published scales. We generated an initial pool of 41 items with 8 domains. Delphi method was used to item preliminary selection. Then, we administered the items to a sample of adolescent girls ( n=200), and the distribution of survey items, discrete trend, factor analysis, correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s α coefficient were used to select items. Results:After two rounds of Delphi, a total of thirty items were included in the dysmenorrhea QoL scale. The expert positive coefficient were 100% and 83.3% with high motivation. The authoritative coefficient were greater than 0.7, the results showing authoritative and reliable. The Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W was 0.333 ( χ2=128.271, P<0.001). In sample analysis, the items were deleted when they met more than two standards. The final scale retained 20 items, covering 8 dimensions. Conclusions:The methods for selection of dysmenorrhea QoL scale based on TCM theory were preferable. Given the paucity of research in this area, this new dysmenorrhea QoL scale may provide opportunities for the patient-reported outcome (PRO) evaluation in the field of TCM.

Impulsivity and its influencing factors in different types of male inmates / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the impulsive traits and their influencing factors in different types of male inmates. Methods A total of 1 206 male inmates in Jiangsu province were assessed by a self-designed questionnaire of detailed criminal records,demographic data,history of substance use and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11).Results ①Significant differences were found between the distribution of age (F＝30.092),educational level(χ2＝84.479),marital status(χ2＝54.386),household registration(χ2＝34.959),smoking history (χ2＝19.047)and drug use history( χ2＝563.144) of male inmates( all P＜0.01).②Difference of impulsivity was found between different types of male inmates,and scores of the impulsivity of the property inmates (total impulsivity (55.92±8.39),attentional impulsiveness (12.70±2.35),motor im-pulsiveness (18.50± 3.88),non-planning impulsivity ( 24.72 ± 4.91)) were significantly lower than other crime types (P＜0.05).③Drug use history had a positive predictive effect on impulsivity of male violent in-mates (B＝4.317,P＜0.01),and educational level(B＝－3.280,P＜0.001),age(B＝－0.094,P＜0.05)and drug use history ( B＝ 3.491, P＜ 0.05 ) had a predictive effect on impulsivity of male property inmates. Conclusion The impulsivity of male property inmates is significantly lower than others and the influence factors of impulsivity among male inmates are age,educational level and drug use history.

Analysis on the Economic Operation of Township Public Hospitals in Jiangxi before and after the Medical Reform / 中国卫生经济

Taking 175 township public hospitals in Jiangxi as the samples,descriptive statistics and comparative analysis were applied based on their financial yearly report data from 2012 to 2016 to analyze the operation situation of hospitals before and after the public reform,analyze the influences of medical reform policies on township public hospitals and propose relevant policies,so as to promote the soon coming urban public hospital reform in Jiangxi.

Analysis on the Liabilities of Urban Public Hospitals in Jiangxi / 中国卫生经济

Objective:To understand the liability situation of urban public hospitals in Jiangxi.Methods:Qualitative and quantitative analysis,descriptive analysis and comparative analysis were used to analyze the causes and changes of urban public hospitals' debt increase.Results:To meet the increasing demand for health diagnosis and services,debt infrastructure and the purchase of equipment coupled with inadequate financial investment were performed in public hospitals,which resulted in the sustainably increasing of liabilities level in urban public hospitals.Conclusion:Governments at all levels should increase the capital expenditure of hospital construction and equipment investment,strictly control the public hospital debt behavior,the implementation of the reform of public hospitals canceled drug addition,establishing the characteristics of the medical industry personnel salary system and other measures to resolve the synchronous speed of public hospital debt and prompt public hospital debt risk control in the reasonable scope.

Inhibition effects of fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma spp .on different gastric cancer cell lines in vit ro / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the cell proliferative effects of fungal immunomodulatory proteins from Ganoderma spp . on 26 gastric cancer cell lines in vitro .Method 26 human gastric cancer cell lines were treated with FIPs by MTS assay .The average optical density (OD) in 490 nm and inhibition rate (GI50 )was counted by Universal Microplate Spectrophotometer . Results Three FIPs showed similar profiling in 26 human gastric cancer cell lines after 72 h treatment in cell proliferation as-say ,which except for NUGC-4 and OCUM-1 did not showed obvious anti-proliferative effect ,the other 24 human gastric cell lines showed some anti-proliferative effects ,especially for 7 cell lines(NUGC-3 ,GTL-16 ,HGC-27 ,IM95m ,SNU-638 ,SNU-216 and SNU-5) showing strong potency ,with their GI50 less than 50 μg/ml .Conclusion FIPs showed strong anti-prolifera-tive effects in some human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro ,which had potential to be further developed as anti-gastric cancer drugs .

Clinical study of Ruiyun procedure for hemorrhoids combined with Xiaozhiling injections in treatment of hemorrhoids complicated with human immunodeficiency virus infection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy of Ruiyun procedure for hemorrhoids (RPH) combined with Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of hemorrhoids complicated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its influence on cellular immune function.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 76 hemorrhoid patients, including 36 positive HIV and 40 negative HIV, undergoing RPH combined with Xiaozhiling injections in our center from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical efficacy and cellular immune function preoperative day 1, postoperative day 7, 30 were compared between positive and negative groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Recurrence rates of positive group and negative group postoperative 6 months were 22.2% (8/36) and 22.5% (9/40), postoperative 1 year were 30.6% (11/36) and 30.0% (12/40) without significant differences (all P>0.05). Morbidity of postoperative complication was also not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). According to HIV classification, peripheral lymph cell ratio, CD4 count, CD4/CD8, white blood cell count and neutrophil ratio were not significantly different between preoperative day 1 and postoperative day 7 in both groups (all P>0.05). Decreasing velocity and amplitude of CD4 in both groups from high to low was HIV III, HIV II, HIV I, HIV-, while after 30 days the increase of CD4 from high to low was HIV-, HIV I, HIV II, HIV III, which were significantly different as compared to postoperative day 7 (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RPH combined with Xiaozhiling injection in the treatment of hemorrhoids complicated with HIV infection is effective and safe. Postoperative inhibited cellular immune function can recover quickly.</p>

Effects of Jianpi Bushen Huoxue recipe on hematopoietic cell apoptosis in a mouse model of aplastic anemia / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: Adopting methods of cell culture to explore the effects and mechanisms of Jianpi Bushen Huoxue Prescription (JPBSHXP), a traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine for strengthening spleen, reinforcing kidney and activating blood circulation, in inhibiting hematopoietic cells apoptosis in a mouse model of aplastic anemia (AA). METHODS: Blood serum of AA mice was made from an AA mouse model. Blood serums containing different traditional Chinese compound herbal medicine were made from rats after intragastric administration of JPBSHXP and its related decoctions, respectively. Bone marrow cells of normal mice were incubated by these blood serums for 24 hours, respectively. The apoptosis of the bone marrow cells were assayed by flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: It was indicated that the bone marrow cells of normal mice incubated with blood serum of AA mice displayed typical apoptosis. The apoptosis rates of bone marrow cells of the AA mice incubated by blood serum containing different traditional Chinese herbal medicine were decreased. The effect of Bushen (reinforcing kidey) Recipe was better than Jianpi (strengthening spleen) Recipe and Huoxue (activating blood circulation) Recipe, while the effect of JPBSHXP was the best. TEM results showed that the effect of Bushen Recipe was better than that of the Jianpi Recipe and the Huoxue Recipe, while the effect of JPBSHXP was the best. CONCLUSION: JPBSHXP and its related decoctions can significantly decrease the apoptosis rate of bone marrow mononuclear cells of the AA mice. It is inferred that JPBSHXP can promote bone marrow hematogenesis.

Clinical study on idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura treated with Shengxueling Granule / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of Shengxueling Granule (SXLG) in treating idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and to study its possible mechanism. METHODS: Eighty-six cases of ITP were divided into two groups randomly. Fifty-six cases in the treatment group were treated with SXLG, a traditional Chinese medicine, and 30 cases administered with Western medicine (prednisone) were taken as control. Patients in each group took drugs for three months and were under follow-up observation. RESULTS: In SXLG-treated group, the total effective rate in 3 months was 85.71%, similar to 83.33% in prednisone-treated group (P>0.05), while the total effective rate in 6 months in the SXLG-treated group was 91.07%, higher than 53.33% of the prednisone-treated group (P<0.01), and no obvious side-effects were observed. The patients' bleeding was alleviated or stopped, and their general condition was improved. And the blood platelet count (BPC) was increased, the platelet associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were markedly dropped, the level of natural killer cells activity (NKCA) increased, and the rate of T lymphocyte subsets gradually returned to normal level. Megakaryocytes tended toward maturation on bone marrow smear after SXLG treatment. All differences above were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: SXLG is an effective and safe medicine for ITP. It can regulate the cellular immunity, inhibit the platelet antibody to reduce the destruction of the platelet and to increase the number of platelet, promote the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocyte, facilitate the production and release of platelet, lower the fragility of capillary, and prevent the hemorrhagic tendency.

Pathogenetic characteristics and therapeutic approaches of aplastic anemia / 中西医结合学报

According to TCM theory of the wholistic concept and the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment, the characteristics of the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA) were summarized and corresponding treatment was put forward on the basis of clinical observation and the study of literature. In the pathogenesis of AA, the deficiency of spleen and kidney is the primary aspect, fire attacking blood vessels is the secondary aspect and there is change because of blood stasis. In treatment, the method of invigorating spleen and tonifying kidney is adopted in order to get at the root, and releasing fire to stop bleeding is adopted in order to bring about a temporary solution, and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis is adopted in order to produce blood. The outline should be caught hold of that consumption is primary aspect and fire is secondary aspect and there is change because of blood stasis in order to obtain satisfactory curative effect.