ABSTRACT
Cholecystolithiasis is a common and frequently-occurring disease at home and abroad. Currently, the main therapeutic treatment is surgical cholecystectomy, especially for laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy, which benefits from less trauma and rapid recovery. However, after cholecystectomy, the original way of bile storage, concentration and excretion is changed. The relationship between these changes and digestive tract tumors has caused controversy among scholars at home and abroad. This review summarized the relationship between post-cholecystectomy and cancer of colon, bile duct, pancreas and liver, in order to provide new thinking for precise surgical treatment of gallstones.
ABSTRACT
Hilar cholangiocarcinoma refers to a kind of malignancy in the ductuli hepaticus communis and the main left or right hepatic duct or their confluence.It is hard to be found in the early stage because of insidious onset and is liable to invade surrounding blood vessels,nerves,lymph nodes.Hence it has a poor prognosis.In recent years,with the in-depth research as well as the development of imageology and methods of treatment,considerable achievements have been made in treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.At present,the treatment methods include surgical resection,liver transplantation,palliative biliary drainage,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,photodynamic therapy and targeted therapy,etc.Surgical resection remains the only curative treatment option.This article reviews the research progress in treatment of HC in order to provide the reference for selection of the optimal treatment program.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the role of vagusism on diethytlnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and to explore its mechanism.Methods The rat vagus nerve was labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,33 -tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) tracer.The rats were divided into three groups:cancer induced rat models (cancer-induced group,n =20),cancer-induced and vagal detachment models (combined group,n =20) and normal rats (negative group,n =20),HE staining was performed on the liver tissue biopsied from the three groups of rats.The pathological grading score was evaluated and statistically analyzed.Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staing was used to determine the expression of vagal neurotransmitters and related receptors in liver tissue.Results The optimal concentration (1 mg/ml) and fixation duration with formalin (4 days) of DiI tracer marker vagal nerve demonstrated superior distribution and density of vagus nerve in the liver tissue.The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly higher in the cancer-induced group (75％) than combined group (15％),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).IHC staining results of acetllcholine showed a significant difference between cancerinduced group (9.10) and combined group (2.30) or negative group (2.95),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The M1 receptor expression was significantly higher in cancer-induced group (6.00) than combined group (2.30) and negative group (2.55),the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference of M2 receptor expression among the cancer-induced group (1.30),combined group (1.25) and negative group (1.35) (P ＞ 0.05).The M3 receptor expression detected with IHC staining shown there were statistical differences among cancer-induced group (8.95),combined group (6.30) and negative group (3.60) (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The vagus nerve may play an important role in the development of DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats.