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OBJECTIVE： To optimize the formulation of Diosmin gel and to investigate its in vitro release property. METHODS： Diosmin gel were prepared by using Carbomer 940 as matrix. Using accumulative release rate as index， with the amount of Carbomer 940， ethanol， acetone and pH as factors， L9（34） orthogonal test was conducted. The formulation of Diosmin gel was optimized and validated. Using Diosmin ointment as reference， dialysis bag diffusion method was used to investigate in vitro release property of Diosmin gel prepared by optimal formulation. RESULTS： The optimal formulation of Diosmin gel included Carbomer 940 1.5 g， ethanol 15 mL， glycerol 8 g， pH 6. The gel prepared with optimal formulation was sticky brown-yellow semi solid， and had good coating and spreading properties. The average accumulative release rate （2 h） was （12.67±0.12）％. Results of drug release test showed that Diosmin gel released rapidly within 12 h， then gradually slowed down. The accumulative release rates were （71.93±0.42）％ （12 h） and （80.47±0.54）％ （24 h）， drug release of which were in line with Higuchi equation. Diosmin ointment was released slowly. The accumulative release rates were （41.74±0.18）％ （12 h） and （62.63±0.59）％ （24 h）. Drug release of it were in line with first-order equation. CONCLUSIONS： The formulation of Diosmin gel is optimized successfully. Prepared Diosmin gel has good drug release property.
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Objective To investigate the CT feasures of hepatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa),to improve the understanding and diagnosis of this disease.Methods CT findings and clinical data of 13 patients with hepatic PEComa were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 1 3 PEComa patients,2 cases were multiple focis and 1 1 cases were single lesion.The maximum diameter of the lesions ranges from 26 mm to 96 mm,with mean diameter (52.77±24.94)mm.The density of 6 cases large lesions was heterogeneous on plain CT image,and the atery phase showed significantly inhomogeneous enhancement and the enhancement decreased in venous phase.7 cases of small lesions was homogeneous in density and showed uniform enhancement in arterial phase.The adjacent organs were compressed in 4 cases,the hepatic artery was located at the margin or inside the tumor in 4 cases,the portal vein or its branch passed through the tumor in 2 cases,and the inferior vena cava was compressed and shifted in 1 case.Conclusion CT manifestations of hepatic PEComa have some characteristics,when the tumor shows homogeneous in density and uniform enhancement in arterial phase,and the enhancement decreases in venous phase,with the thick vessel in the center or at the peripheral,it may prompt diagnosis.
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Objective: To investigate image quality and radiation dose of the third generation dual-source CT with low dose contrast agent dosage and low velocity. Methods Totally 120 patients who underwent CT coronary artery angiography scanning were analyzed prospectively. The patients were randomly assigned to the study group and control group (each n=60). In study group, the dose and injection flow rate of contrast agent were determined according to the formula: Contrast agent dose=patients' body mass×0.6 ml/kg, injection flow rate=contrast agent dose/(5+exposure time). In control group, the injection flow rate was 5.0 ml/s, and the volume of contrast medium was 50 ml. Patients in both groups underwent prospective ECG gated narrow window scanning. Quantitative parameters, qualitative visual parameters and radiation dose were compared between the groups. Results No statistical difference was found in the gender, age, body mass and body mass index (all P>0.05), while a significant difference was found in the amount of consumed iodine and the velocity of contrast agent between the two groups (P0.05). For different heart rates (HR; HR≤70 bpm,70 bpm 80 bpm), the effective dose had significant differences (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The individualization of injection method in the third generation dual-source CT coronary artery angiography could minimize the amount of contrast agent while meet clinical requirements.
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Objective To assess the effects of two different managements of typeⅢsupracondyla humeral fractures in children: open reduction vs closed reduction and pinning. Methods Relevant articles were identified by using several database (Pubmed Medline, EMbase, cochranelibrary, CBM, CNKI, wanfang data). Control studies comparing closed reduction with percutaneous pinning and open reduction with pinning were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the carrying angle according to criteria of Flynn(OR=0.92,P=0.760).There was no significant difference in the functional results according to criteria of Flynn(OR=1.77, P=0.557).There was no significant difference in the ulnar nerve injury(OR=1.10,P=0.332).However, there was a obvious tendency to excellent and good results in the closed reduction group. Conclusions We recommend that closed reduction with percutaneous pinning should be performed first unless some special circumstances are present, for example:complex fractures and failed closed reduction.
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BACKGROUND:Several studies have demonstrated that many kinds of Chinese herbs for benefiting vital energy and enriching the blood secrete some cytokines by influencing bone marrow stromal cel s to promote the differentiation and proliferation of hemopoietic stem cel s or exert effects by promoting the adhesion of bone marrow stromal cel s and hemopoietic stem cel s. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Radix Astragali injection on the expression of intercel ular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cel adhesion molecule 1 on the surface of mouse bone marrow stromal cel s. METHODS:Mouse bone marrow stromal cel s were isolated by adherent culture of whole bone marrow. The morphology of mouse bone marrow stromal cel s were observed using inverted phase microscopy, hematoxylin-eosin staining, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The optimal concentration at which Radix Astragali injection exhibited the strongest effects on promoting the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cel s was detected using MTT assay. Expression of intercel ular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cel adhesion molecule 1 on the surface of mouse bone marrow stromal cel s was detected using flow cytrometry after intervention by Radix Astragali injection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Inverted phase microscopy and optical microscopy showed that bone marrow stromal cel s adhered to the wal of culture flask, exhibited a shuttle-shaped or irregular appearance with processes. Through transmission electron microscopy, organel es were abundant, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicle, and mitochondria. Radix Astragali injection at 400 and 600 mg/L significantly promoted the proliferation of mouse bone marrow stromal cel s (P<0.05) and there was no significant difference in the cel proliferation between these two concentrations. Radix Astragali injection at 600 mg/L increased the expression of intercel ular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cel adhesion molecule 1 on the surface of mouse bone marrow stromal cel s. These findings suggest that Radix Astragali injection at appropriate concentrations can increase the surface adhesion of bone marrow stromal cel s, thereby improving hemopoietic microenvironment.
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Scutellarin is the main effective constituent of breviscapine, a flavonoid mixture isolated from the dried whole plant of Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz, and valsartan is used as an antihypertensive drug. These two drugs have already been clinically used together to treat diabetic nephropathy (DN) in China, and the combined medications showed some enhanced protection against DN. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic interaction between scutellarin and valsartan in rats. Breviscapine injection (20 mg x kg(-1), i.v.) and valsartan (15 mg x kg-, i.g.), either alone or together were given to 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Concentrations of scutellarin and valsartan were quantified by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental methods. We found that the pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin altered significantly after co-administration of oral valsartan. The plasma clearance (CL(p)) and the bile clearance (CL(b)) of scutellarin were reduced significantly in the presence of valsartan. After oral administration of valsartan with or without intravenous scutellarin, however, the pharmacokinetic parameters of valsartan were comparable. In conclusion, our data suggests that the concurrent use of valsartan reduces the biliary excretion of scutellarin, and this may be due to the inhibitory effect of valsartan on the biliary excretion of scutellarin mediated by Mrp2 (Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2).
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the metastatic rule and management methods of occult lymphatic metastasis in patients with supraglottic cancer.@*METHOD@#The results of 139 cN0 patients with supraglottic cancer treated by neck dissection (ND) were reviewed retrospectively. Each lymph node was studied pathologically in order to define the level of the lymph node metastasis.@*RESULT@#Of the 139 patients with supraglottic cancer and cN0 neck, 113 cases received ipsilateral ND and 26 cases with bilateral ND. Thirty-six (25.9%) of 139 patients were found to have occult lymphatic metastasis on pathological examination, 6 patients without metastasis in dissected side at pathologic examination showed metastasis in the contralateral undissected neck later. Therefore the total occult metastasis rate was 30.2% (42 of 139). The unilateral and bilateral neck occult metastases were determined in 37 cases (26.6%) and 5 cases (3.6%) respectively. A total of 3594 lymph nodes were harvested in 165 specimens, with 83 positive nodes. The distributions of the 83 positive nodes were as follows: level I 1.2% (1 node), level II 78.3% (65 nodes), level III 19.3% (16 nodes), level IV 1.2% (1 node), level V (0 node). The 3-year regional recurrence rate was 5.0% (7/139). The 5-year survival rate was 76.3% (106/139). Patients with positive neck metastasis had higher regional recurrence rates (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Occult metastasis rate of supraglottic cancer is as high as 30.2%, the selective lateral neck dissection of level II, III is recommended.