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@#The formulations of pramipexole hydrochloride sustained-release tablets were screened by single factor test and optimized by Box-Behnken design. The effects of the viscosity and content of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, as well as the insoluble sustained-release material combined with HPMC K100M on the in vitro release behavior were investigated. After single factor screening, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used for optimization using the contents of HPMC K100, Eudragit RSPO and Eudragit L100 as independent variables, and the cumulative release at different time as responses. The optimal range of the three-factor optimized by Box-Behnken design, one of the optimized formulations was achieved with HPMC K100M of 101. 5 mg, Eudragit RSPO of 98 mg, and Eudragit L100 of 13. 7 mg, and the observed responses of the optimized formulation were very close to the predicted values. The in vitro drug release mechanism of the tablet was studied by drug released model fitted with different equations. The results explained that Eudragit RSPO promoted the release of the pramipexole hydrochloride, while Eudragit L100 blocked the release, and there was an antagonism between them. In conclusion, the drug release behavior of optimized formulations prepared by Eudragit RSPO/L100 was stable, less pH-dependent, which improved the drug bioavailability in vivo.
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To evaluate the differences of Ophiopogonjaponicus from different cultivations, the metabolomics based method was conducted to compare the effects of Hangmaidong and Chuanmaidong (Chinese name) on plasma endogenous metabolites of normal rats. Data were collected by ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and were analyzed by multivariate statistical method, such as Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Signal Correction Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis. Results revealed that the plasma metabolites profiling of low and middle dose group of Chuanmaidong were similar to the control group, but different from the high dose group obviously. Meanwhile the high, middle and low dose groups of Hangmaidong were different from control group notably, and the difference is dose dependent. Lysophosphatidylcholines, the possible endogenous metabolites which contribute to the classification most significantly, are closely related to cardiovascular system diseases. Compared with the group of Chuanmaidong, Hangmaidong has greater impact on the plasma metabolic profiling of normal rats. Hangmaidong and Chuanmaidong showed significant differences pharmacodynamically.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study chemical constituents in the seeds of Datura Stramonium (Solanaceae family).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and their structures were determined based on physicochemical constants and spectroscopic analysis including NMR and MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were isolated and identified from Datura stramonium, they were N-trans-feruloyl tryptamine (1), hyoscyamilactol (2), scopoletin (3), umckalin (4), daturaolone (5), daturadiol (6), N-trans-ferulicacyl- tyramine (7), cleomiscosin A (8), fraxetin (9), scopolamine (10), 1-Acetyl-7-hydrox-beta-carbol-ine (11), 7-hydroxy-beta-carbolinel-propionic acid (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 2, 7, 9 and 12 were obtained from Datura genus for the first time, whereas compound 1, 4, 8 and 11 were obtained from the Solanaceae family for the first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Datura stramonium , Chemistry , Seeds , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study chemical constituents of aerial parts of Gueldenstaedtia stenophylla.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chemical constituents were extracted with 95% alcohol and separated by repeated silica gel column, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 and RP C18 column chromatographic separation from aerial parts of G. stenophylla. Their structures were identified on the basis of the physiochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty-two compounds were separated and identified as apigenin (1), chrysoeriol (2), farnisin (3), diosmetin (4), 4', 7-dihydroxyflavone (5), luteolin (6), 3', 4', 7-trihydroxyflavone (7), quercetin (8), m-hydroxy benzoic acid (9), trans-ferulic acid (10), isovanillic acid (11), E-beta-hydroxy-cinnamic acid (12), salicylic acid (13), trans-p-coumaric acid (14), protocatechuic acid (15), (S) -2-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (16), esculetin (17), 7-methoxy coumarin (18), phaseic acid (19), blumenol A (20), (6S, 9R)-roseoside (21), kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (22).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Except compounds 1, 5, 8 and 15, the rest compounds were separated from genus Gueldenstaedtia for the first time.</p>
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Fabaceae , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To propose the seed quality standard of Belamcanda chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The seed purity, 1000-grain weight, water content, vitality, germination rate of seed of B. chinensis from different producing areas were measured, and seed characteristics were observed. Cluster analysis was used to analyze to data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The first level seed was lustrously dark and thoroughly rounded, seed purity was above 98%, 1000-grain weight was above 28.00 g, water content was lower than 12.8%, vitality was over 90%, germination rate was over 85%. The second level seed was dark and relatively rounded, seed purity was above 92%, 1000-grainweight was above 20.00 g, water content was below 12.8%, vitality was between 70%-90%, germination rate was between 65%-85%, the third level seed was puce, seed purity was above 86%, 1000-grain weight was above 20.00 g, water content was below 12.80%, vitality was over 50%, germination rate was above 40%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The seed purity of B. chinensis was almost above 90%, and 1000-grain weight was between 15.27 and 30.76 g. The vitality and the germination rate of B. chinensis seeds from different sources varied obviously.</p>
Subject(s)
Cluster Analysis , Germination , Iridaceae , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Reference Standards , Quality Control , Seeds , Chemistry , WaterABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC-ELSD method for the determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in the tuberous roots of Liriope muscari from different habitats and different harvest time.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A Shimadzu C18 column (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) with a solvent system consisting of acetonirile-water (46: 54) was used, and detected by ELSD. The temperature of drift tube was 94 degrees C and the nebulizer nitrogen flow rate was 2.5 L x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curve of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside showed good linearity in the range of 1.02-12.228 microg and the average recovery was 100.80%, with RSD of 1.8%. 10 batches of L. muscari from different habitats were analyzed, and the contents were 0.25% - 0.41%. The contents of 15 batches from different harvest time were 0.13%-0.38%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, rapid and sensitive, and can be used for determination of 25 (R, S) ruscogenin 1-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1 --> 2)] [beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)] beta-D-fucopyranoside in L. muscari. It provides the valuable basis for quality assessment of L. muscari.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Ecosystem , Liliaceae , Chemistry , Liriope Plant , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methods , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Plant Preparations , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Physiology , Plant Structures , Chemistry , Saponins , Chemistry , Spirostans , Chemistry , Pharmacology , TriterpenesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the patterns of dynamic accumulation of total flavonoids and total saponins in the roots of Ophiopogon japonicus collected from different harvest times, and compare the contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in roots of O. japonicus which were processed with different methods.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The total flavonoids and total saponins contents in O. japonicus were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.</p><p><b>RESULT AND CONCLUSION</b>From December to January, the total contents of flavonoids and saponins in the roots of O. japonicus gradually decreased, and gradually increased from February to March, and kept stable in April. The contents of total flavonoids and total saponins in the O. japonicus were influenced by different processing methods.</p>
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Desiccation , Flavonoids , Metabolism , Ophiopogon , Chemistry , Metabolism , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Metabolism , Saponins , Metabolism , Seasons , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Aim: To study new chemical constituents of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. Methods: Isolation and purification were carried out by several chromatographic methods. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis of their UV, IR, MS, ~1H NMR and ~(13)C NMR spectra Results: A new ginkgolide, ginkgolide N( 1, 7, 10-trihydroxy-3,14- dehydroginkgolide, Ⅱ), along with a known compound, was isolated from the leaves of G. biloba. The structure of the known one was elucidated as ginkgolide L(Ⅰ). Conclusion: Compound Ⅱ was a new compound. The complete spectroscopic data of compound Ⅰ were reported for the first time.
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To study the chemical constituents of the fruits of Polygonum orientale L. , silica gel and ODS column chromatography methods were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Three compounds were identified as 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,7β-dihydroxy-lup-20 (29) -en-28-oate ( 1 ), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (2) and naringenin (3). Compound 1 is a new triterpenoid saponin and others were isolated from the fruits of this plant for the first time.
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AIM The aim is to investigate the chemical constituents of Belamcanda chinensis. METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by solvent extraction together with various chromatographic techniques. The stuctures was elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data. RESULTS Eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.)DC..Among them,six isoflavones were elucidated as irilone(Ⅰ)、genistein(Ⅱ)、tectorigenin(Ⅲ)、 irigenin(Ⅳ)、dimethyltectorigenin(Ⅴ)、irisflorentin(Ⅵ). CONCULSION ⅠandⅡ were isolated from this medicinal plant for the first time.
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Objective To study rDNA ITS sequence similarities and differences between the de-virus seedlings and outside seedlings of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Methods The sequences of ITS region (including ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S) from nine de-virus seedlings and four outside seedlings were studied by the method of DNA sequence analysis. Results There were the same sequences in 5.8S region between the de-virus seedlings and outside seedlings of P. heterophylla. Variable sites lay in the initial position of ITS1 and termination of ITS2 basically. The de-virus seedlings from Liyang (Jiangsu Province) and Xuancheng (Anhui Province) had more variable sites. Phylogenetic dendrogram based on ITS was constructed by using UPGMA methods, which showed the inherent relation at the level of molecular biology. Conclusion The analysis of rDNA ITS of P. heterophylla has further clarified the inherit stability of de-virus seedlings at the molecular level.
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ObjectTo investigate the chemical constituents in the rhizoma of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by solvent extraction together with various chromatographic techniques. The structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data. ResultsThree compounds were isolated from the EtoAC extracts of the rhizome of B. chinensis which were isorhamnetin (Ⅹ), hispidulin (Ⅺ), dichotomitin ( ⅩⅡ); four compounds were isolated from n-BuOH extracts, which were iridin ( ⅩⅢ), tectoridin (ⅩⅣ), daucosterol ( ⅩⅤ), vittadinoside or stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside ( ⅩⅥ). ConclusionCompound Ⅺ is isolated from this medicinal plant for the first time.
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Object To define the molecular characters of differentiating Bupleurum chinense DC., B. scorzonerifolium Willd. from their allied species B. marginatum Wall. ex DC., B. smithii Wolff var. parvifolium Shan et Y.Li. and B. longiradiatum Turoz. Methods General DNA was isolated from fresh leaves of Bupleurum L. species by CTAB. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to identify them. Results Five Bupleurum L. species can be identified by primer OPA-1(5'-CAGGCCCTTC-3'), OPD-8 (5'-GTGTGCCCCA-3'), OPD-11 (5'-AGCGCCATTG-3'). Conclusion The method of RAPD can be used to identify the Bupleurum L. species and its allied species.