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1.
Rev. adm. pública (Online) ; 51(2): 201-218, Mar.-Apr. 2017. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-897208

ABSTRACT

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é investigar, da perspectiva do institucionalismo histórico, a evolução histórica e a configuração atual do Serviço de Acolhimento Institucional para Crianças e Adolescentes em situação de risco. Argumenta-se que decisões prévias, por favorecerem o desenvolvimento de certas capacidades estatais em detrimento de outras, influenciam decisões correntes, explicando a dificuldade de mudança no curso das políticas. A análise mostra que escolhas feitas na Era Vargas prejudicaram a implementação de inovações do Código de Menores de 1979 e do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), de 1990, até meados da década de 2000, quando a burocracia estatal na área da assistência foi fortalecida. A empiria utilizada são os dados do Censo Suas 2014 e as normativas que têm estruturado, desde o início do século XX, as políticas de assistência social e de atenção à criança e ao adolescente.


Resumen El objetivo del estudio es investigar, de la perspectiva del institucionalismo histórico, el desarrollo histórico y la configuración actual del Servicio de Acogimiento Institucional para los Niños y Adolescentes en situación de riesgo. Se argumenta que, al favorecer el desarrollo de ciertas habilidades a expensas de la otra, las decisiones anteriores influyen en las decisiones actuales, lo que explica la dificultad de cambio en el curso de la política. El análisis muestra que las decisiones tomadas en el estado Vargas minaron la aplicación de las innovaciones establecidas por el Código de Menores de 1979 y el Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), de 1990, hasta mediados de 2000, cuando se fortalece la burocracia estatal de asistencia social. El empírica utilizada son los registros del Censo Suas 2014 y las normas que se estructuran a partir de principios del siglo XX, las políticas de asistencia social y la atención a los niños y adolescentes.


Abstract The objective of the study is to investigate, through a historical and institutional perspective, the historical development and current configuration of the Institutional Care Service for Children and Adolescents at risk. It is argued that, by favoring the development of certain skills at the expense of others, previous decisions have influenced current decisions, explaining the difficulty of changing the course of policy. The analysis shows that choices made in the Vargas Era undermined the implementation of innovations established by the Código de 1979 and the Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (1990) up until the mid-2000s when the bureaucracy of state social assistance was strengthened. The empirical data used are found in the Censo Suas 2014 and the regulations that, from the early twentieth century, have been structured in child and adolescent social assistance policies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Child Advocacy , Child, Institutionalized , Adolescent, Institutionalized , Minors , Child, Foster , Institutionalization/history , Public Policy , Child, Foster
2.
Dados rev. ciênc. sociais ; 52(4): 911-959, 2009. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-539330

ABSTRACT

This article discusses the impact of electoral dynamics on partisan political behavior in the Brazilian Congressional arena. Based on an analysis of voting and electoral alliances, the author shows that Presidential elections became efficient and influenced the parties' performance and alignments in Congressional disputes. She then proceeds to argue that repeat contestants in Presidential races behave more coherently and in a more disciplined way in the Congressional arena in order to maximize their party's electoral value, which is not expected of one-time Presidential contestants. The findings show that the partisan approach underlying the behavior of party leadership and delegations in the Brazilian Congress is explained by the electoral and organizational dynamics, and not only by centralization of the decision-making process.


Dans cet article, on examine l'influence de la dynamique électorale à l'égard de la conduite des partis sur la scène parlementaire brésilienne. D'après l'analyse des séances de vote et des coalitions électorales, on voit que les élections présidentielles sont devenues efficaces et influencent l'action et les associations de partis lors des disputes au Congrès. On peut donc penser que les candidats qui se présentent le plus souvent aux élections présidentielles ont une conduite plus cohérente et mieux disciplinée, afin de tirer profit de la tête de liste de leur parti, ce qu'on n'attend pas des candidats éventuels. Les résultats montrent que l'esprit partisan qui guide le comportement des dirigeants et des groupes parlementaires s'explique par la dynamique électorale et organisationnelle et pas seulement par la centralisation du processus de décision.

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