Descrição anatômica da artéria carótida externa e seus ramos na preguiça-comum / Anatomical description of external carotid artery and its branches in sloth

Bradypus variegatus, espécie pertencente à família Bradypodidae e à superordem Xenarthra, pode ser considerada modelo biológico de caráter multidisciplinar. Assim, realizou-se um trabalho de descrição anatômica da artéria carótida externa (ACE) e dos seus ramos no bicho-preguiça B. variegatus. Utilizaram-se 10 animais adultos, sendo todos fêmeas, que foram submetidos à dissecação, constatando-se que a artéria (a.) carótida comum se bifurca, em externa e interna, no nível do primeiro anel traqueal. A ACE, então, segue estendendo-se até a maxila, onde emite ramos para a região temporal e para o polo posterior do olho. Em todos os animais estudados, foram observados sete ramos principais da ACE, que, segundo a sua origem e localização, foram denominados como a. auricular, a. lingual, a. facial, a. alveolar, a. inferior, a. temporal, a. maxilar e a. oftálmica. Os ramos maxilar e oftálmico correspondem aos terminais e os demais são ramos colaterais. Em 50% dos animais analisados, foi verificada a presença de anastomoses arteriais e 40% deles apresentaram o acréscimo de um ramo aos principais. Desses, 30% demonstraram a presença de um ramo traqueal e 10% de um ramo sublingual, sendo esses ramos colaterais.(AU)

Bradypus variegatus is a species belonging to the family Bradypodidae and superorder Xenarthra, which should be considered as a multidisciplinary biological model. Thus, an anatomical description of the external carotid artery (ACE) and its branches in sloth B. variegatus was studied. Ten adult animals, all of them female, were submitted to dissection, and it was observed that the common carotid artery (a.) bifurcates in external and internal at the level of the first tracheal ring. Then, ACE extends through the maxilla where it launches branches to the temporal region and posterior eye side. For all sampled animals, seven principal branches of ACE were observed, and according to their origin and location were denominated as auricular, lingual, facial, bottom alveolar, temporal, maxillary and ophthalmic arteries. The maxillary and ophthalmic branches correspond to the terminals and the other branches are collateral. Presence of arterial anastomoses was observed in 50% of the sampled animals and 40% of them had increase of a branch on the principal. In these, 30% had presence of one tracheal branch and 10% of a sublingual branch, considering these branches as collateral.(AU)

Quiste del colédoco en niños: experiencia en 15 casos / Choledocal cyst in children: 15 years experience

Presentamos la experiencia del Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica del Hospital de Clínicas de la universidadFederal de Minas Gerais en quistes colédoco,con 19 niños tratados en el período de 1984 a 1998,ocho eranmenores de 2 años de edad,7 de los cuales presentaban ictericia obstructiva y acolia.A partir de los dosaños solamente 3 de los 11 niños manifestaban la tríada sintomática de ictericia,dolor y masa abdominal.En 18 pacientes se realizó la estirpación de la vesícula,del quiste y una hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux.En dos de ellos con severa inflamación periquística,fue realizada la resección intramural del quistey en otro paciente,con inflamación periquística se realizó una quisteyeyunostomía en Y de Roux y colecistectomía '

Evaluation of a canine rabies vaccination campaign and characterization of owned-dog populations in the Philippines.

A mass canine rabies vaccination campaign in Sorsogon Province, the Republic of the Philippines, was conducted in April and May 1993. From 1 to 14 days following visits by vaccination teams to 30 selected villages (barangays), survey teams revisited the barangays to assess vaccine coverage. Modified cluster survey methods were used to gather information about vaccine coverage in the owned-dog population (210 households) and about characteristics of owned-dogs and factors influencing owner willingness to participate in the campaign. Vaccinated dogs were identified by asking owners about receipt of certificates given by the vaccinating teams and examining each animal for a special collar or paint mark placed on the animal at the time of vaccination. Survey results indicated that 73% (178/243) of eligible dogs were vaccinated and 82% of vaccinated dogs were marked with a collar or paint. Dogs were owned by 69% of households and ranged in age from 3 days to 13 years (median = 1 year), and the ratio of male to females dogs was 1:1. The dog-to-human ratio was 1:3.8, with an average of 1.4 dogs per household or 2.1 dogs per dog-owning household. Most dogs were kept as guards (83%) and most were free-ranging (85%). The most common reasons dogs were not vaccinated included they could not be restrained (11/64), the owner was not home (10/64), and fear of injury resulting from vaccination (10/64). The owners of 20% of vaccinated dogs reported some adverse reaction in their pet. Improved vaccine coverage was significantly associated with restrained dogs kept primarily for guard functions by owners who received information about the vaccination campaign from multiple sources. Vaccine coverage was sufficiently high to potentially control rabies transmission among dogs through herd immunity and indicated a successful vaccine campaign.

Resistencia de Crotalus durissus terificus y Bothrops neuwiedii a la neurotoxidad de cantidades masivas de veneno crotalico. / Resistance of Crotalus durissus terrificus and Bothrops neuwiedii to neurotoxicity of massive quantities of Crotalid vevenom

Especimenes de Crotalus durissus terrificus y de Bothrops neuwiedii toleran cantidades de veneno crotalico equivalentes a 5 x 10 elevado a menos 4 de su peso.La tolerancia observada puede explicarse por la presencia en el suero de ambas especies de componente (s) capaces de inactivar crotoxina, la neurotoxina mayor del veneno crotalico. La potencia antitoxica del suero antitoxica del suero de C. d. terrificus frente al veneno crotalico es similar a la del suero antiofidico monovalente obtenido de caballo hiperinmune, mientras que la potencia antitoxica del suero de B. neuwiedii es de alredor del 20% del de este ultimo. Los sueros de ambas especies en concentraciones adequadas son capaces de de proteger al raton frente a 4 LD 50 de veneno crotalico. La ausencia de lineas de precipitacion en ensayo de doble difusion de suero frente a veneno sugiere que los factores antitoxicos de ambas especies no son inmunoglobulinas. Es probable que la crotoxina sea neutralizada por la formacion de complexos inactivos con componentes especificos del suero. La resistencia al veveno no es reciproca, ya que especimenes de C.d. terrificus mueren luego de la inyeccion de cantidades de veneno de B.neuwiedii que son perfectamente toleradas por la especie dadora