ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction Altered lingual frenum modifies the normal tongue mobility, which may influence the stomatognathic functions, resulting in anatomical, physiological and social damage to the subject. It is necessary that health professionals are aware of the process of evaluation, diagnostics and treatment used today, guiding their intervention. Objective To perform a systematic review of what are the treatment methods used in cases of lingual frenum alteration. Data Synthesis The literature searches were conducted in MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane and IBECS, delimited by language (Portuguese, English, Spanish), date of publication (January 2000 to January 2014) and studies performed in humans. The selection order used to verify the eligibility of the studies were related to: full text availability; review the abstract; text analysis; final selection. Of the total 443 publications, 26 remained for analysis. The surgical approach was used in all studies, regardless of the study population (infants, children and adults), with a range of tools and techniques employed; speech therapy was recommended in the post surgical in 4 studies. Only 4 studies, all with infants, showed scientific evidence. Conclusion Surgical intervention is effective for the remission of the limitations caused by the alteration on lingual frenum, but there is a deficit of studies with higher methodological quality. The benefits of speech therapy in the post surgical period are described from improvement in the language of mobility aspects and speech articulation.
Subject(s)
Humans , Lingual Frenum , Otologic Surgical Procedures , Speech TherapyABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar tendências nas disparidades socioeconômicas e sua associação com a cobertura vacinal contra difteria, tétano e coqueluche (DTP)/tetravalente no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: foi construída uma série histórica da cobertura da vacinal para os 496 municípios do estado, compreendendo 2000 a 2009; os municípios foram agrupados nos tercis de seis variáveis socioeconômicas (renda; indigência; escolaridade; produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita; investimentos em saúde; e proporção de mães jovens) e calculou-se a cobertura segundo tercil. Resultados: as taxas de cobertura diminuíram de 110,8 para 104,5 doses/100 nascidos vivos, no período; o percentual de municípios que atingiram a meta (cobertura >95 por cento) reduziu-se de 72,8 para 61,5 por cento; não houve diferenças na tendência de cobertura entre os tercis de qualquer das variáveis socioeconômicas investigadas. Conclusão: as diferenças na cobertura ao longo do tempo flutuaram aleatoriamente, com fraca tendência de declínio, e não estiveram associadas às variáveis socioeconômicas municipais investigadas.
Objective: to analyse socioeconomic trends in DTP+Hib vaccination coverage in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: time series coverage of DTP+Hib vaccine for all 496 municipalities for the years 2000 to 2009. The municipalities were then grouped into tertiles of six socioeconomic variables and coverage was calculated for each group. Results: the rates of DTP+Hib vaccine coverage decreased from 110.8 to 104.5 doses/100 live births from 2000 to 2009. The percentage of municipalities reaching the target (coverage >95 per cent) decreased from 72.8 per cent to 61.5 per cent. There were no coverage trend differences between tertiles in any of the socioeconomic variables over time (chi-square test, p>0.05). Conclusion: coverage trends over time fluctuated randomly with a slight tendency to decrease. Policies aimed at municipalities achieving vaccination coverage goals should focus on factors other than municipal socioeconomic characteristics.