Why do women stop using contraceptives in Alexandria

The aim of this study is to identify the reasons which move the users of family planning methods to stop using them. Total sample of 100 women were selected for the study. They were required to be from the users of family planning methods and for one reason or another stop using them. An interview schedult was designed and prepared for data collection. The sheet contained data pertaining personal characteristic, obstetrical information and information pertaining to the reasons of stop using contraceptives. The results concluded that reasons of stopping use the contraceptives are many, some are related to social factors as desiring for more children and the husband's desire for male child. Other factors related to the method itself and they may be related to the improper selection, and provision of method, impriper follow up, lack of information and misinformation about the family planning methods and the reasons may be related to lack of acceptance of the users to the methods they used. Such reasons are reported in the study included feeling uncomfortable with contraceptives, occurrence of side effects and complications, misuse of contraceptives as well as fear of contraceptive's side effects and complications. So there is a need of extensive health education programme including men as audience who receive family planning informations. Training of family planning providers on the selection and provision of appropriate family planning method Insist on adequate follow-up to be sure that the method is satisfactory for the, couple

Knowledge of expectant mothers in relation to pregnancy

The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of expectant mothers in relation to pregnancy. Data were collected from a sample of 125 pregnant women receiving care at the outpatient clinic at El-Shatby Maternity hospital. A designed interview schedule which contained data pertaining personal characteristics, obstetrical information and information pertaining to the role of the pregnant women in self care as identified by women themselves was used for data collection. The results concluded that the pregnant women of the low educational level, lack knowledge concerning the importance of AN care during pregnancy as well as the important hygienic items. So, there is a need of extensive health education in this area which should be directed to the female particularly the pregnant one

Nursing students' perspective of clinical instructor behaviours that enhance students self confidence as a nurse

Gaining self-confidence as a nurse is an essential aspect of the nursing student's professional developement. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical instruction behaviours that fourth and first year nursing students perceived as important in promoting their self-confidence. One hundred and sixty senior nursing students and 122 junior nursing students in baccalaureate programme rated 17 clinical teaching behaviours as to the degree that each helped or hindered their self-confidence as nurses. Analysis of these behaviours revealed five dimensions of clinical teaching that characterized the instructor as: resource, evaluator, encourager, promoter of patient care and benevolent pesence. Behaviours contributing to the dimensions of clinical instruction other than evaluation were rated by the two groups of students as helpful in the development of their self-confidence as nurses. Students' responses to open-ended questions provided further evidence of the importance of the non-evaluation dimensions. Focusing on the evaluation to the exclusion of other aspects of clinical teaching may impede nursing students' professional development

Factors associated with breast self-examination among patients in Alexandria

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women. The prognosis of the diagnosis depends upon early detection and treatment. Monthly breast self-examination is the simplest and safest method to uncover breast tumors in an early stage. In order to find out women knowledge and technique of performance of self breast-examination, 165 women having new breast cancer were selected randomly from the Surgical Ward of El-Miri Hospital and interviewed. From the study, it was found that a very small percent less than a tenth, of the sample mentioned the nurse as a teaching source, recognized the risk factors and were aware of the abnormal breast symptoms that should be reported while only a fifth of the sample knew when breast self-examination should be done. It was also found that older, illiterate women of the low socioeconomic level and nullipara were less likely to practice breast self-examination. The reasons reported for not practicing were ignorance of the importance and specific knowledge pertaining to breast self-examination, fear anxiety, forgetfulness, lack of confidence and uncomfortably in touching the breast