ABSTRACT
Introduction: Breakfast consumption has a lot of beneficial effects on nutritional status and cognitive activities of school-aged children's. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of social cognitive theory–based education on schoolchildren breakfast eating behaviors.Methods:Two schools with similar socio-demographic characteristics were selected from 20 public primary schools of Ilamcity (west of Iran) and randomly assigned as intervention or control school. Fifty school children from 3rd, 4thand 5thgrades of each school participated in this study.Educational intervention was performed during 6-weeks and was focused on enhancing the self-efficacy, social support and self-regulation mediators to promote theschool children’s breakfast consumption. Data were collected at baseline and 8-weeks after intervention using a 57-item questionnaire and a breakfast food diary and analyzed using Nutritionist IV food processor software and IBM SPSS statistics data editor.Results:The findings showed that mean scores of all Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs as well as breakfast eating behaviors in intervention group significantly increasedat 8-weeks after intervention (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase in mean score of knowledge in control group at 8 weeks follow-up (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results showed that mean scores of energy and all measured macro and micronutrientsintakes significantly increased at follow-up in intervention group (p < 0.05). Also, there were significant increases in mean scores of energy, zinc, calcium and vitamin D intakes in control group at 8-weeks follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusions:The findings of the present study showed thatsocial cognitive theory is an effective framework to planning and implementation of the educational intervention to promotion of male schoolchildren’s breakfast consumption.
ABSTRACT
Aims: In this study, patient safety culture was assessed in four educational hospitals in Ilam city, Iran. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was carried out in four educational hospitals (Imam Khomeini, Mustafa Khomeini, Taleghani and Kowsar hospitals) in Ilam city (Iran). Study Duration: The study was conducted over 2014. Methods: The data collection was conducted via the Iranian version of Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) questionnaire. The questionnaire contains 42 items that evaluates 12 dimensions of patient safety culture. Results: The results showed that 47% of the participants had 1- 5 years of work experience and 71.1% of them worked more than 40 hours per week in hospital. The mean positive answers score of the safety culture in this study was obtained 40% that was much lower than the benchmark (64%). The highest and lowest percentages of the positive answer were attributed to teamwork within units (70%) and non-punitive response to error (11%), respectively. Conclusion: In order to increase the patient safety culture in the hospitals, the number of professional staff should be increased and a practical plan about the patient safety culture should be provided. Moreover, the hospitals management should support the staff to report errors without fear of the punishment.