ABSTRACT
Fundus photography is an arduous task as it involves using 90 D in one hand and a smartphone attached on an eyepiece of a slit-lamp biomicroscope in the other hand. Similarly, with a 20 D lens, the filming distance is adjusted by moving the lens or mobile forward or backward, which makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy ophthalmology outpatient departments (OPDs). Moreover, fundus camera costs thousands of dollars. Authors describe a novel technique of performing fundus photography with a 20 D lens and a universal slit-lamp–mounted mobile adapter made from trash. By the use of this simple, yet frugal innovation, primary care physicians or ophthalmologists without a fundus camera can easily snap a fundus photo and subject it to digital analysis by retina specialists across the world. This will help in simultaneous ocular examination and fundus photos taken via mounted 20 D on a slit lamp itself and also reduce the need for unnecessary retina referrals to tertiary eye care centers.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Corneal disease ranks 5th among the causes ofblindness and it forms 7.1% of total blindness and is a seriouspublic health problem resulting in medical and economicburden to the nation. A study was carried out to evaluateregrafts with emphasis on factors which caused failure oforiginal graft and factors influencing graft success after repeatPK.Material and methods: The prospective study consisted ofcases of graft failure attending Eye Bank Clinic at CommandHospital, Kolkata, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018. Intervalbetween primary graft and repeat PK was minimum of 06months. All the surgeries were performed by a single surgeon.Results: Out of 164 PK, 28 regraft (17.07%) were performed.The regrafting were carried out on cases of graft failure dueto endothelial failure (39.3%), allograft rejection (17.8%),recurrence of disease (14.2%), secondary glaucoma (10.7%),ocular surface disorder and dry eye (10.7%), Pseudomonasinfection (3.6%) and unknown (3.6%). In 13 cases simplerepeat keratoplasty and in rest 15 cases combined procedureswere done. 17 cases (60.7%) had clear regrafts and in 11cases the regraft became opaque during follow up period of06 months to 2 years (average 12.6 months). Pseudophakicbullous keratopathy had greater rate of clear regrafts (71.4%).09 out of 11 cases of failure had one of the preoperative factorslike raised IOP, anterior synechiae, corneal vascularizationand younger recipient age group. Vascularization of recipientbed was associated with greater rate of graft failure (60%).Conclusions: Better visual outcome and graft survival inregraft can be achieved by understanding the underlyingpathology and formulating a preoperative plan.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Eye diseases incidence and prevalence varieswith the social and environmental factors. Present researchaimed to study the prevalence of various common eye diseasesat a Tertiary Care United Nations hospital.Material and methods: It is a retrospective study of all newpatients attending the eye OPD of a tertiary care UN hospitalduring three years period Sept 2007 to Aug 2012. All patientsunderwent a thorough routine eye examination involvingvision testing by Snellen’s chart, Refraction, Tonometry, Slitlamp examination of Anterior Segment, Fundus examinationand Color Vision. Cases were also subjected to automatedperimetry, laboratory and radiological investigations ifconsidered essential.Results: A total of 217 (401) new patients attended theeye clinic. Patients attending the eye clinic were of variednationality which included patients from India, Pakistan, SouthAfrica, Uruguay, Congo, England, Iraq, Italy, Bangladesh,Netherlands, Nepal, USA etc. The three most commoncauses of eye disorders were refractive error followed byallergic conjunctivitis and Presbyopia. However, cases ofOnchocerciasis were also seen especially in those belongingto Congo. Mostly the patients were in the age group of 30-40yrs (35.4%) and 40-50 yrs (41.01%) being active militarysoldiers. Presbyopia was more common in age group 40-50yrsof age (73.3%). Majority of patients were mainly extra ocularcases (95.4%).Conclusion: The pattern of prevalence of various oculardiseases is similar to other parts of world in this age groupand with a similar occupational profile. This study will go along way in ensuring optimum provisioning of eye health carepersonnel’s and equipment for efficient eye care services.
ABSTRACT
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based RAPD profiles, in conjunction with six primers, of Karnal bunt of wheat and rice bunt exhibiting distinct polymorphic DNA. A total of 84 RAPD loci were observed on polyacrylamide gel for both Tilletia sps. Out of 84, 16 loci were found monomorphic, while other 68 loci were unique. Usefulness of random primers was also checked with other seed borne fungal pathogens of wheat and rice. None of primers gave amplification with Magnaporthe grisea, a causative agent of rice blast. However, distinct RAPD profiles were obtained with Alternaria triticina, Fusarium monaliforme, Helminthosporium sativum and Rhizoctonia solani. These six arbitrary primers could distinguish T. indica, a quarantine fungal pathogen from a non-quarantine fungal pathogen, T. barclayana. The two Tilletia sps. could be discriminated not only on the basis of distinct RAPD profiles, but also by presence of few unique gene fragments amplified using all six primers.