ABSTRACT
The aggressive tumour known as oral cancer can metastasize, produce a high fatality rate, and infect nearby tissue. Surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, for example, are common treatment options that, when used in clinical settings, have both minimal drawbacks and major side effects. Currently, oral therapeutic medication delivery using targeted drug administration is proving to be effective. In recent years, an effective alternative therapy known as “nanomedicine,” or using nanoplatforms to deliver drugs for the treatment of cancer, has evolved. Thanks to the use of nanoplatforms, drug delivery to the tumour site can be done precisely and with minimal drug degradation in the body. As a result, the drug's toxicity is diminished, its concentration at the tumour site is elevated, and its distribution to other organs is kept to minimum. We present a contemporary review of the development medication delivery targeted for the treatment of oral cancer in this article different oral delivery systems, including as cyclodextrins, liposomes, hydrogel-based forms, and nanolipids are highlighted and explored. Biomimetic systems, such as therapeutic vitamins, proteins, exosomes, and virus-like particles, with a focus on cancer treatment, are also described. The study concludes with a brief analysis of future applications for nanoplatforms in the treatment of oral cancer
ABSTRACT
Among the widest range of prevalent forms of cancer is oral carcinoma, which can develop anywhere in the mouth or even on the lips. Although there have been many advances in cancer treatment, the expected lifespan for OSCCs have indeed increased marginally. The load of OSCC is anticipated to increase in the near future, yet there is no sign of relief in view. Tumorigenesis is just one of the many physiological processes that can be controlled by microRNAs, a class noncoding endogenous RNAs. Several fibrosis disorders have been linked to miR- 21, and it has been utilised to distinguish oral and tongue cancer from healthy individuals. Studies empirically highlighted the significance of these transcripts as a predictor for prediction and diagnosis in OSCCs. Therefore, the present review summarizes the expression levels of miRNAs in OSCCs and evaluates their functioning in the progression or suppression of cancer. miR-21 can be considered as a prospective candidate for their translational use in OSCCs for early diagnosis prognosis surveillance and tailored treatment which should undergo further validation.
ABSTRACT
Various types of tumor markers are currently being investigated to ascertain their capability in discriminating pre-cancerous lesions of cervix who have tendency for progression. The adequate treatment of such cases will check any chances of occurrence of carcinoma cervix in the population. The micro- RNAs are sensitive tumor markers but their high cost and sophisticated technique make them not feasible to be introduced in any cervical cancer screening program under Indian setup. Other tumor markers like claudins, p16, Ki67 etc are also very expensive. AgNOR pleomorphic counts and micronuclei counts are cheaper, the farmer being more reliable can be introduced in cytological screening program to identify high risk cases and can easily replace costly Human papilloma virus (HPV)- DNA testing.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Role of risk factors in cervical carcinogenesis and strategies for control of the disease have been assessed from the accumulated cytological data, derived from 35 years of hospital-based screening in Lucknow, North India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 36,484 women have been cytologically screened during a span of 35 years (April 1971 - June 2005) in the Gynaecology out patient department (OPD) of Queen Mary's Hospital. RESULTS: The frequency of Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) and carcinoma was found to be 7.2% and 0.6%, respectively, in the present study. The study revealed high age and parity as a predominant factor in cervical carcinogenesis, while viral sexually transmitted disease (STDs) -human papilloma virus (HPV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV) were also largely associated with SIL cases. The study emphasized great value of clinically downstaging the cervical cancer by detecting cervical cancer in the early stage. The study also revealed a significant difference in the frequency of SIL in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. CONCLUSION: Based on the analyzed data, it was felt that single lifetime screening, which appears to be the most feasible and affordable mode for control of carcinoma cervix in developing countries like India, should be carried out in all women of high parity irrespective of age (with three or more children) and in older women above the age of 40 years irrespective of parity.