ABSTRACT
The formation of fistulous tract between the kidney and adjacent organs is not uncommon while cutaneous fistulization is a rarer occurrence. We present a case of Nephrocutaneous Fistula without prior history of surgery or interventional procedure. Our case involves long standing obstructive pyonephrosis secondary to obstructing calculus at the ureteropelvic junction which led to formation of a fistulous tract upto the skin surface. This patient had complaints of purulent discharge from the right flank region associated with fever spikes since the last 1 month. The cutaneous manifestation in specific location should raise the possibility of underlying renal pathology
ABSTRACT
Introduction: An anterior cruciate ligament tear is the mostcommon ligament tear in the knee joint. Anterior cruciateligament reconstruction is an accepted intervention for noncoping anterior cruciate ligament injured subjects. The tornligament is removed from the knee before the graft is insertedin an arthroscopic procedure. Functional performance tests forassessing knee status is clearly evident in the literature, witheach task seen to place different demands on the knee jointunder controlled clinical conditions. MRI is able to asses graftsignal intensity in a non-invasive way. The intra-articular graftundergoes a maturation and remodelling process lasting evenbeyond 24 months due to synovial proliferation,vascularization, and “neoligamentization” of the graft.Materials & Methods: We did a descriptive cross-sectionalstudy of 30 patients with 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging ofthe knee who had undergone anterior cruciate ligamentreconstruction six months after surgery. The amount of signalintensity changes in graft classified according to crosssectional area in axial sections as <25%, 25-50%, and >50 %.Patients were subjected to functional testing, post-surgery.Results: Of 30 cases examined increased intrasubstance graftsignal intensity was found in 73.3% (22 of 30) of patients onT2-weighted and intermediate weighted MR images. Therewas an insignificant association between graft signal intensityand functional tests.Conclusion: Graft signal intensity on can be seenafter ACL reconstruction and not necessarily correlate withlimitations in patients after ACL reconstruction surgery due tothe process of remodeling.
ABSTRACT
Undescended testes or cryptorchidism in the most common congenital anomaly of male reproductive system. The descent is multifactorial with gubernaculums playing major role. The failure of descent can be at trans-abdominal or inguino-scrotal phase. Locating undescended testes is important in view of low fertility and high rate of occurrence of neoplasm in them. Ultrasound is the standard imaging technique of choice in children with a non-palpable testis as it is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation. Position of testis is also important in deciding whether patient will need abdominal or inguinal exploration. The aim was to study the position of undescended testes by high frequency ultrasound and its embryonic explanation. Total 41 boys with undescended testes underwent high frequency ultrasound. The location of testis was noted followed by its size and echotexture. Thirty patients had unilateral and 11 had bilateral undescended testes. The prevalence was more on right side (16 out of 30). Out of total 52, 46 (88 percent testis were located by ultrasound. Six (12 percent) testes could not be located. Five (10 percent) were retractile testes. Out of remaining 41, 26 (63 percent) were located in inguinal canal and 15 (37 percent) were located in abdomen. Out of 15 abdominal testes 9 were located just proximal to inguinal canal and 6 were located in deep pelvis. High frequency ultrasound was able to locate the position of undescended testes in majority (88 percent of the cases...
La criptorquidia o testículos no descendidos es la anomalía congénita más común del sistema reproductivo masculino. El descenso es multifactorial, donde el gubernaculum testis juega un rol fundamental. El fracaso de descenso puede ocurrir en fase trans-abdominal o inguino-escrotal. Conocer la localización de los testículos no descendidos es importante en vista de la baja fertilidad y alta tasa de incidencia de neoplasia en ellos. La ecografía es la técnica imagenológica estándar y de elección en niños con testículos no palpables, ya que no es invasiva y no utiliza radiación ionizante. La posición del testículo también es importante para decidir si el paciente necesita exploración abdominal o inguinal. El objetivo fue estudiar la posición de los testículos no descendidos por ultrasonido de alta frecuencia y su explicación embrionaria. Un total de 41 niños con testículos no descendidos se sometieron a ultrasonido de alta frecuencia. Se estudió la ubicación, tamaño y ecotextura del testículo no descendido. Treinta pacientes presentaron el testículo no descendido de manera unilateral y 11 bilateral. La prevalencia fue mayor en el lado derecho (16 de 30). Del total de 52 de testículos, 46 (88 por ciento) fueron localizados por ultrasonido. Seis (12 por ciento) no pudieron ser localizados. Cinco (10 por ciento) fueron testículos retráctiles. De los 41 testículos no descendidos, 26 (63 por ciento) se localizaron en el canal inguinal y 15 (37 por ciento) en el abdomen. De los 15 en posición abdominal, 9 se encontraron justo proximal al canal inguinal y 6 en la pelvis profunda. El ultrasonido de alta frecuencia fue capaz de localizar la posición de los testículos no descendidos en la mayoría (88 por ciento) de los casos...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Cryptorchidism/pathology , Cryptorchidism , Inguinal CanalABSTRACT
Bowel wall thickening on ultrasound simulates appearance of kidney. The appearance of kidney on contrast enhanced computed tomography is entirely different. However, surprisingly bowel wall thickening or mass can mimic this appearance even on contrast enhanced computed tomography. A case of pyloric malignancy with pseudokidney appearance on contrast enhanced computed tomography is being reported.