El priapismo en la Leucemia Mieloide Crónica Hallazgos radiológicos en casos de Leucemia Mieloide Crónica que se presentaron con priapismo / 7 PRIAPISM IN CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA : IMAGING FINDINGS IN CASES OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA WHO PRESENTED WITH PRIAPISM

El priapismo es una emergencia urológica que debe ser diagnosticada y tratada apropiadamente. Específicamente en casos conocidos de leucemia el pene turgente doloroso debe hacer surgir la sospecha de priapismo de primera movida y el Doppler peneano debe ser la mera línea de modalidad de imágenes. Esta información debe ser transmitida al paciente y al departamento clínico emergentológico

Priapism is an urological emergency and must be diagnosed and treated appropriately. Specifically in known cases of leukemia painful turgid penis should raise suspicion of priapism in first hand and penile Doppler should be the first line of imaging modality. This information should be forwarded to patient and emergency department clinician

Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine: An update.

The world witnessed a the first influenza pandemic in this century and fourth overall since first flu pandemic was reported during the World War I. The past experiences with influenza viruses and this pandemic of H1N1 place a consider­able strain on health services and resulted in serious illnesses and a large number of deaths. Develop­ing countries were declared more likely to be at risk from the pandemic effects, as they faced the dual problem of highly vulnerable populations and limited resources to respond H1N1. The public health experts agreed that vaccination is the most effective ways to mitigate the negative effects of the pandemic. The vaccines for H1N1 virus have been used in over 40 coun­tries and administered to over 200 million people helped in a great way and on August 10, 2010, World Health Organization (WHO) announced H1N1 to be in postpandemic period. But based on knowledge about past pandemics, the H1N1 (2009) virus is expected to continue to circulate as a seasonal virus and may undergo some agenic-variation. As WHO strongly recommends vaccination, vigilance for regular updating of the composition of influenza vaccines, based on an assessment of the future impact of circulating viruses along with safety surveillance of the vaccines is necessary. This review has been done to take a stock of the currently available H1N1 vaccines and their possible use as public health intervention in the postpandemic period.

Evaluation of adnexal masses by ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology.

Forty Eight cases of adnexal masses were subjected to ultrasound and FNAC. In this study, FNAC could differentiate benign and malignant adnexal masses in 98% of cases where as ultrasound was successful in 85% of cases. FNAC is a safe simple, rapid & reliable investigation. The complex adnexal masses present a diagnostic challenge with particular reference to the findings predictive of malignancy.

Sonographic assessment of renal volume in Indian children.

In an attempt to making norms of renal volume (RV) in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic examination in supine position. Left RV in female children increased from 18.04 mm3 in early infancy to 48.36 mm3 in 4-5 year age group. Similar increase was observed in the right RV. There was no significant left vs. right difference in RV in boys and girls (p > 0.05). Similarly, the RV did not differ significantly in both sexes (p > 0.05, in all age groups except 4-5 years, p = 0.04).

Sonographic renal length in Indian children.

For the purpose of making norms of ultrasonographic renal length in Indian children, 240 children (137 boys and 103 girls) below 5 years of age were subjected to sonographic evaluation in supine position. Left renal length increased from 59.18 mm, in infancy to 81.89 mm between 4-5 years age in female children. Similar increase was observed in male children. There was no statistically significant difference in renal length in boys and girls in various age groups (p 0.05 to 0.1). Right renal length measured 1-3.5 mm than less than the left renal length, and this difference was statistically significant (p 0.05 to 0.0002) in both sexes. Renal length positively correlated to subject's age, length/height, body weight and body surface area in that order.

Lung puncture aspiration in the diagnosis of acute pneumonias.

The present study was carried out in 100 children of acute pneumonia to establish the diagnosis of etiologic agents. Clinico-radiological assessment and routine investigations including sputum, throat swab and blood culture did not help in identifying the offending micro-organisms. The bacteriological examination of lung puncture aspirate was the most satisfactory tool for the etiological diagnosis. Direct smear examination/culture were positive in 50% aspirates. On cytology, definite epithelioid granulomas indicated tuberculous infection. However, in direct smear/culture negative patients, predominant mononuclear cell infiltration in the aspirated material may indicate non-pyogenic infection. Staphylococcus aureus (22%) was the commonest organism causing pneumonia in the present study.

Immunologic and neuroendocrine interactions in pregnancy.

The neuroendocrine system helps in the success of the fetal graft by suppressing maternal cellular immune response against the foreign paternal histocompatibility (HLA) antigens. In addition, placenta absorbs the antibodies directed against the paternal HLA antigens, thus inhibiting the humoral rejection of the fetal graft. In contrast, neuropeptides released in the maternal blood stream under adverse mental states may stimulate lymphocyte blastogenesis and natural killer (NK) cell activity resulting in premature loss of the fetus. Further, homozygosity of a lethal gene which is in linkage disequilibrium with HLA genes may have a role in some unexplained fetal deaths.