ABSTRACT
Background: Ultrasonography (US) is the most important imaging modality in detecting both intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. The aim of this study was to comparison transvaginal ultrasound with serum β-hCG level for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (Ep) in referred women to Ardabil city hospital.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 207 women with diagnosis of Ep were enrolled during 2018. All women underwent transvaginal US in the first 24 hours and US done by an expert radiologist. Serum levels of β-hCG at first 24 hours and the time gap between US examination and last menstrual period (LMP) were compared between women with positive and negative US findings. Data collected by a checklist and analyzed by statistical method in SPSS version 21.Results: The primary US were positive in 174 women (84.1%) and negative in 33 women (15.9%). The mean of time gap between US and LMP in women with diagnosed EP was significantly higher than other women (median, 42 days versus 45 days, p=0.042). Also, the mean of serum level of β-hCG had significant difference between two groups. In logistic regression analysis results showed that the time gap between US and LMP hadn’t significant impact on EP diagnosis. The best discriminative zone was set at a serum β-hCG level of 105.65 mIU/ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 27%, respectively and the under-ROC area was 58%.Conclusions: According to our findings, the median serum level of β-hCG in women with undiagnosed Ep were significantly lower than women with correct diagnosis of Ep but the mean and median of time gap between US and LMP in women with diagnosed EP was more than women without Ep. Also, the proposed discriminative zone for serum level of β-hCG in our study is different from the previous studies.
ABSTRACT
Background: Finding a suitable procedure in cases requiring termination of pregnancy without having a ready cervix to induction of labor, is a considerable problem in midwifery. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Foley catheter placement with oxytocin to expedite the process of delivery. Methods: This is an interventional study. In this study, patient information including age, gestational age, residence place, education, induction time, induction complications, cesarean delivery after induction were entered in a checklist. Collected data analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS.16. Results: In this study 100 pregnant women were enrolled in two equal size groups, case (receiving a Foley catheter and oxytocin) and control (receiving oxytocin), each with 50 patient. The mean age of cases was 24.7±3.4 years and controls were 23.9±2.3 years and the most prevalent age group in both was 20-30. In cases 14 % and in controls 12 % were with underlying disease and 14% of women in case group and 24% of women in control group had narrowing of vaginal canal. The most common reason for starting induction in cases was lack of progress in labor and in controls dilation of delivery. The mean gestational age in cases was 39.9±1.9 and in control 39.2±1.8 weeks. In relation to dilatation progress, results showed that in cases individuals reached to full dilatation early and this difference was, in cases 14 % and in controls 22% of deliveries are ended to caesarean. 14% of deliveries in cases and 22% in controls are ended to Caesarean section. There was no significant difference between two groups in birth time Apgar score and 5 minutes after birth time. Conclusions: Results showed that, Foley catheter could significantly reduce induction time significantly and resulted to faster labor but did not reduce the rate of caesarean.