Pretreatment with lignocaine: effects on pain of rocuronium injection and withdrawal movements of the arm

To assess the frequency of pain and withdrawal movements after injection of rocuronium and effects of pre-treatment with lignocaine. Double blind study. This study was of six months duration and was carried out from March 2004 to September 2004. Combined Military Hospital Kharian. One hundred and twenty unpremedicated patients with ASA grade I and II, aged between 18-60 years and of both sexes were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 60 patients each. After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, patients in group A received 3 ml of lignocaine plain while those in group B, received 3 ml of normal saline as pre-treatment before injection of rocuronium. Their effects on pain on injection and withdrawal movements of the arm were studied. Out of total of 120 patients, only 17 patients [14%] developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. In Group A, who received lignocaine plain before rocuronium injection, only 3 patients out of 60 patients had withdrawal movements while in Group B, who received normal saline as pre-treatment fourteen out of 60 patients developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. Only one patient belonging to Group B experienced pain. Pretreatment with lignocaine plain greatly reduces the chances of withdrawal movements and pain on injection of rocuronium

Effects of pre-treatment with lignocaine on pain of rocuronium injection and withdrawal movements of the arm

The study was carried out to assess the frequency of pain and withdrawal movements after injection of rocuronium and effects of pre-treatment with lignocaine. It was a double blind study. This study was of six months duration and was carried out from March 2004 to September 2004 at Combined Military Hospital Kharian. One hundred and twenty unpremedicated patients with ASA grade I and II, aged between 18-60 years and of both sexes were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 60 patients each. After induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone, patients in group A, received 3 ml of lignocaine plain while those in group B, received 3 ml of normal saline as pre-treatment before injection of rocuronium. Their effects on pain on injection and withdrawal movements of the arm were studied. Out of total of 120 patients, only 17 patients [14%] developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. In Group A, who received lignocaine plain before rocuronium injection, only 3 out of 60 patients had withdrawal movements while in Group B, who received normal saline as pretreatment, fourteen out of 60 patients developed withdrawal movements of the arm or wrist. Only one patient belonging to Group B experienced pain. Pre-treatment with lignocaine plain greatly reduces the chances of withdrawal movements and pain on injection of rocuronium

study of post operative analgesia and adverse effects produced by intrathecal neostigmine, morphine and their combination in patients undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

This is a double blind placebo controlled study of 120 patients conducted in the department of anesthesiology POF's Hospital Wah Cantt: from October 2002 to April 2003 to evaluate the post-operative analgesia and side effects of IT neostigmine, morphine and their combination in patients undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia. These patients were randomly divided into neostigmine, morphine, combined and saline [control] groups of 30 patients each. Morphine group had the longest analgesia as compared to other groups. The combined group too had a statistically significant prolongation of analgesia as compared to neostigmine [p = .01] and saline group [p = .00]. Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in neostigmine group [53%] and combined group [53%] than in the morphine group [36%] and saline group [26%]. The frequency of pruritus was not significantly different in combined [50%] and morphine group [46.66%] this study demonstrates that the combination of IT neostigmine 12.5 microgram and IT morphine 50 microgram results in post-operative analgesia for longer duration than IT neostigmine 25 microgram alone but not longer than IT morphine 100 microgram alone. The side effects seen with either drug alone are not overcome by combining the drugs in half the doses