ABSTRACT
Introduction: Swelling of salivary glands, specifically parotid and submandibular gland presents as a common problem and being readily visible creates havoc among patients. In addition parotid/ submandibular swellings also remain a diagnostic challenge among clinicians. The aim of this study was to examine the sensitivity and specificity of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as a tool for diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was done for 6 months from January 2022 to June 2022 at Dhiraj General Hospital, SBKSMI and RC, Waghodia, Gujarat. In present study, total 42 cases were taken with salivary gland lesions that underwent FNAC in Pathology department. Results: In the present study, we had included 42 cases of salivary gland lesions. Out of 42cases, 12 (28.5%) cases were neoplastic and 30 (71.5%) cases were non-neoplastic. Among 12 neoplastic cases, 8 (67%) cases were found out to be benign and 4(33%) cases were diagnosed as malignant. Among malignant lesions, mucoepidermoid carcinoma has the highest number of cases (50%) followed by Carcinoma-ex pleomorphic adenoma and Adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: We found a good concordance between FNAC and final histology. Awareness of the therapeutic implications and limitations of the cytological interpretation amongst both the clinicians and the cytopathologists should enable FNAC to its best advantage.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbance in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and related to deficiency in insulin secretion or in its action. Diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism are metabolic disorders that affect the levels of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids also. The effects of thyroid dysfunction on the various metabolic pathways are assessed by specific tests, such as free T4, free T3 and TSH. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study of 263 individuals was conducted in Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. It included indoor, outdoor and diabetic clinic’s patients, coming to Dhiraj hospital in duration of one year. Results: In this study, total number of patient was 263, in which 134 were male and 129 were female. Out of 263 patients, 196 were euthyroid. Out of 134 male, 110 were euthyroid and 24 had thyroid dysfunction and out of 129 female, 86 were euthyroid and 43 had thyroid dysfunction with prevalence of 9.12% and 16.35% respectively. Conclusion: A study of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients which included 263 diabetic patients, out of them 67 had thyroid dysfunction. Out of these, 67 patients 43 were female and 24 were male. This suggests that female were more prone to thyroid dysfunction than males. Out of 67 thyroid dysfunction patients, 42 were above the age of 50 year. So as the age increases the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction also increases. In our study, we found that as the duration of T2DM increases, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction increases in patients of hypothyroidism but no such correlation was found in patients of hyperthyroidism.