ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study was preformed to evaluate the role of 2 D ultrasonography and colour Doppler ultrasonography in diagnosis of scrotal disorders
Patient and Methods: 50 patients with different scrotal disorders were studied. Their ages vary below 10 years and above 50 years. All patients were subjected to full history, clinical examination and 2 D and colour Doppler ultrasonography
Results: Epididymo-orchitis was the most common scrotal disorder encountered in our study [10 cases], both 2 D and colour Doppler ultrasonography easily diagnosed epididymo-orchitis and differentiated between epididymo-orchitis and tortion testis. Also, all grades of varicocele, hydrocele and complicated hydrocele can be easily diagnosed. The ultrasound can easily differentiate between intratesticular and extratesticular lesions with high accuracy in differentiation between cystic and solid lesions, but has a limited value in determining whether a focal testicular lesion is benign or malignant. The 2 D ultrasonography can easily diagnose undescended testis effectively up to the internal ring but not able to detect the undescended testis in the abdomen. Colour Doppler ultrasonography can diagnose abnormality of the testicular vascularity
Conclusion: Scrotal [2 D and colour Doppler] ultrasonography is an excellent tool in the diagnosis of scrotal disorders
ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study was preformed to evaluate the role of MRI in staging of bladder cancer comparing the results with that of CT and pathological findings
Patients and Methods: Between September 2001 and December 2003, thirty cases with muscle invasive bladder cancer [28 males and 2 females] were studied. Their ages ranged between 27 and 72 years [mean 56.8] years. All patients were subjected to full history taking, complete clinical examination, routine laboratory investigations, urine cytology, abdominopelvic ultrasonography, CT, MRI and cystoscopy with biopsy. Clinically, 22 out of the 30 patients had palpable bladder mass. Twenty out of the 30 cases underwent radical cystectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy and urinary diversion. The remaining cases were inoperable. The results of MRI and CT staging were compared with those of histopathological examinations
Results: Pathologically, there were transitional cell carcinomas in 18 cases [60%], squamous cell carcinomas in 11 cases [36.6%] and adenocarcinoma in I case [3.3%]. The tumour was involving the anterior wall in 4 cases, the posterior wall in 7 cases, the right lateral wall in 6 cases, the left lateral wall in 7 cases, the dome in 4 cases and the bladder neck in 2 cases. The accuracy of CT in determination of tumour site was 80%. MRI was better than CT in determination of tumour site with an accuracy of 100%. The pathological stage at diagnosis was pT[2], pT[3] and pT[4] in 13 patients [43.3%], 7 patients [23.3%] and 10 patients [33.4%] respectively. CT showed staging accuracy of 63.3% of tumours, under staged in 6.7% and over staged in 30% of patients. MRI was accurate in staging of 90% of bladder cancers, over staged in 10% of patients and under staged in 0%. The accuracy of CT in detection of pelvic lymphadenopathy was 80%, while the accuracy of MRI was 95%
Conclusion: MRI is better than CT for the evaluation of urinary bladder cancers