ABSTRACT
The aim of this work is to investigate the prevalence, significance and prognostic value of lymphocytic infiltration and SLN associated to differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Our study included 50 patients with preoperative diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma by FNAC and Trucut needle biopsy, there age ranged from 17 to 55 years with mean age [36 year]. They were 35 females and 15 males. Absence of clinically palpable draining cervical lymph node was the main exclusion criterion in selection of our patients.Our patients were subjected to peroperative injection of patent blue dye intra tumoral, detection and resection of SLN and stained lymphatic channels, resection of samples from jugular lymph nodes [non stained] as NSLNs. Then total thyroidectomy was done. In our study, SLNs staining occurred in 37/50 patients with DTC [74%], 28 of which in patients with PTC 28/33 [84.8%], 5 in patients with FTC 5/13 [38.4%] and 4 in patients with follicular variants of PTC 4/4 [100%] mapping failure occurred in 13/50 patients [26%].22 patients revealed the SLN biopsy from which 18 patients show -ve NSLN and 4 patients with +ve NSLNs [false +ve]. 15 patients revealed -ve SLN biopsy from them 10 patients show -ve NSLNs and 5 patients show +ve NSLN [false -ve SLNI. The accuracy of SLN biopsy needs further investigation before it can be recommended in the routine management of the thyroid neoplasia. The onus must fall on the endocrine surgeon to define clearly the direct therapeutic relevance of occult nodal disease if SLN biopsy is to become a standard of care in thyroid cancer
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy , Biopsy , Thyroid Function Tests , Follow-Up Studies , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] plays a key role in modulating vascular tone and electrolyte balance by hydrolyzing angiotensin II which is a potent vasopressor and aldosterone-stimulating peptide. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE is a genetic determinant of plasma ACE levels and has been reported to be associated with diabetic microvascular or macrovascular complications
Aim: To contribute the ACE gene I/D polymorphism to the development ofdiabetic nephropathy in Egyptians
Methods: This study was carried on 30 Egyptian patients with diabetic nephropathy and 20 normal age-sex matched persons. All patients were subjected to thorough history taking, clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations. Determination of ACE genotype by PCR, quantitative determination of plasma ACE levels by colorimetric method and quantitative determination of angiotensin II levels using ELIZA technique
Results: There was significant increase in ACE and angiotensin levels in diabetic nephropathy patients than control persons. In diabetic nephropathy patients, ID and DD genotypes were present in 20% and 25% respectively as compared to 2% and 0% of control persons respectively. Thus D-allele was present in 45% of the patients as compared to 2% of normal controls
Conclusion: There is positive association between the D-allele [ID and DD] and development of diabetic nephropathy in Egyptians
ABSTRACT
To date, molecular evidence studies for transitional cell carcinoma [TCC], using the microarray technology, are focusing on TCC of the urinary bladder and no studies have been performed on TCC of the upper urinary tract [UUT]. This study was conducted to monitor the gene expression profiles between transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract [TCC-UUT] and normal urothelium of UUT. cDNA microarrays were prepared by spotting PCR products of 14.551 human genes onto specially treated glass slides to analyze gene expression among 9 eases of TCC-UUT and 8 cases of normal urothelium in order to study the molecular basis of TCC-UUT development. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction [QRT-PCR] was performed for selected genes to validate the results of mieroarray hybridization. After supervised analysis of the microarray data, there was at least a 2.5-fold difference in the expression between TCC-UUT and normal urothelium in 55 genes. Significant up-regulation of 27 genes was associated with cases of TCC-UUT, including matrix degradation-related genes, as well as genes related to growth factors, immunology, cell-cycling and angiogenesis. Conversely, significant down-regulation of 28 genes was associated with eases of TCC-UUT including genes involved in epithelial cell dedifferentiation and keratinization, as well as genes related to cell adhesion and apoptosis. Such gene profiling studies can identify new molecular markers for early diagnosis and disease follow-up, it also allows the classification of tumors into subclasses assisting in disease diagnosis and prognosis, as well as in treatment selection