ABSTRACT
Malankholia [melancholia] is defined as a disorder in which the mental functions are deranged and the afflicted person is more prone toward constant grief, fear, and dubious aggression, and the ability to analyze and interpret things is grossly affected, as enunciated by Jalinus [Galen] and quoted by Zakaria Razi [850-923 AD] in his world-renowned treatise "Kitab Al-Havi." The term melancholia literally means "black humor," which is the predominant causative factor. Mental ill-health is one of the most disturbing and disabling disorders of life. It affects not only the concerned person but also his/ her family and the society as a whole with social stigma attached to it. The problem is steadily on the rise due to factors such as urbanization, industrialization, and increase in lifespan, together with the breakup of the joint family system, with implication of multiple genes augmenting the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric illness is almost the same globally, about 8-10 per 1000 population. Unani, an age-old traditional system of medicine, has described in its classical text not only the concept of this disorder but also its management with various modes of treatment, which if pursued will mitigate the suffering of humanity to a great extent. The present review manuscript is an attempt to highlight the available literature from the Unani perspective
ABSTRACT
To study the prevalence of silent cerebral infarction in Type II diabetes mellitus. The study was a prospective study on 80 patients recruited from neurology, endocrine outpatient clinics. Patients were type II diabetics as described by the American Diabetes Association, 2011 criteria. All patients underwent full metabolic profiles to diagnose diabetes mellitus and MRI brain scans to detect cerebral infarction. Silent cerebral infarctions were detected in 60% of patients [48/80 patients] predominately along periventricular white matter area and subcortical areas [Basal ganglia, Thalamus]. Asymptomatic Type II diabetes mellitus patients could have vascular cerebral changes without neurological symptoms. MRI brain scans could be recommended as routine diagnosis [if possible] for early cerebral infarct detection in type II diabetic patients
ABSTRACT
The evaluation of selection criteria using correlation coefficients, multiple regression and path analysis was carried out for a period of two years on sixteen genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.).These genotypes were studied during 2008 and 2009 summer seasons at EDduim and Kosti locations in randomized complete block design with three replications per each location. The field experiment is directed to study character association; contribution of various yield influencing traits on rice for establishment of appropriate plant attributes to select and improve the grain yield, and accordingly select the most suitable genotype. Combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects of locations, seasons, genotypes and their interactions for most of the studied traits indicating that these genotypes are highly variable. Genotypes differed significantly in grain yield, (NERICA 4, NERICA 14, NERICA 15, YUNLU 33 and WAB-1-38-19-14-P2-HB) were higher yielding genotypes giving 3.78, 4.03, 3.24, 3.55 and 3.51 t/ha respectively. These genotypes presented a valuable source of diversity which can be used for breeding programs. Correlation analysis in both seasons indicated that grain yield was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, number filled grains/ panicle and 1000-grain weight, while it was negatively correlated with percentage of unfilled grains/panicle. Path coefficient analysis indicated that among yield components number of filled grains/ panicle, number of panicles/m2 and 1000-grain weight showed a positive direct effect on grain yield and therefore, may be considered as selection criteria for the improvement of grain yield. Multi-objective decision-making model was employed to rank the studied genotypes according to the measured various yield influencing traits and the degree of association of each trait on yield. For determination of criteria weight this article considers the analysis of correlation that is used frequently in to quantify the degree of association between a response variable, and some explanatory variable. Consequently, we propose new weighted information criteria to be used to guide the selection of the “best” genotype based on determining correlation coefficient. As a result, compromise programming analysis is in agreement with analysis of variance and indicated that genotypes can be ranked in a descending order as: N12, N14, Y30, WAB8, WAB19, N4, Y33, Y26, N15, N17 and Y24.
ABSTRACT
Zygomycosis is an invasive disease caused by fungi in of the class Zygomycetes. Primary cutaneous zygomycosis is uncommon. We report a case of post-traumatic most lethal form of cutaneous zygomycosis [gangrenous cellulitis], which closely resembles necrotizing fasciitis in a young healthy male patient with polytrauma. Multiple surgical debridements, skin grafting, and intravenous antifungal therapy were necessary to ultimately eradicate the infection. The early diagnosis by tissue culture and histopathology study is mandatory to successfully treat this condition
ABSTRACT
To explore the factors influencing decision-making process at household level vis-a-vis decision to seek health care, decision regarding the type of care and the decision to continue treatment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Government TB Center, Rawalpindi, from 16th January 2002 to 28th February 2002. Subjects and In total, 100 smear positive patients were included in the study. First questionnaire was administered to first 50 randomly selected patients. The ethnographic decision models [EDM] were developed from the responses. The second questionnaire, derived from these models, was administered to the second group of randomly selected 50 patients to test the predictive ability of the EDM. Decision-making regarding treatment of tuberculosis was influenced by patients knowledge about the disease itself as well as its severity, infectivity and curability. Close relatives were found to play a critical role at all the decision-making levels. The EDM developed on these results had 80-90% ability to predict the decision-making in tuberculosis patients. Effective health education, easy accessibility to treatment centres and trained and motivated health care providers can go a long way in making national TB control program a success