Subtractive versus additive indirect manufacturing techniques of digitally designed partial dentures

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of digitally designed removable partial denture (RPD) frameworks, constructed by additive and subtractive methods castable resin patterns, using comparative 3D analysis. @*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#A Kennedy class III mod. 1 educational maxillary model was used in this study. The cast was scanned after modification, and a removable partial denture framework was digitally designed. Twelve frameworks were constructed. Two groups were defined: Group A: six frameworks were milled with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks; Group B: six frameworks were printed with castable resin, then casted by the lost wax technique into Co-Cr frameworks. Comparative 3D analysis was used to measure the accuracy of the fabricated frameworks using Geomagic Control X software. Student's t-test was used for comparing data. P value ≤ .05 was considered statistically significant. @*RESULTS@#Regarding the accuracy of the occlusal rests, group A (milled) (0.1417 ± 0.0224) showed significantly higher accuracy than group B (printed) (0.02347 ± 0.0221). The same results were found regarding the 3D comparison of the overall accuracy, in which group A (0.1501 ± 0.0205) was significantly more accurate than group B (0.179 ± 0.0137). @*CONCLUSION@#In indirect fabrication techniques, subtractive manufacturing yields more accurate RPDs than additive manufacturing.

Psychiatric, psychological and behavioral problem in Egyptian and Saudi adolescent orphans: a comparative study

To determine psychiatric, behavioral andpsychological problems in Egyptian and Saudi adolescent living in orphanages in a comparative study. 50 Saudi adolescent orphans [25 boys and 25 girls] and 50 Egyptian adolescent orphans [25 boys and 25 girls], 50 controls Saudi and 50 controls Egyptian psychiatrically free adolescent were also randomly selected. Psychiatric and psychological assessment using: complete psychiatric sheet, psychometry for psychopathy and aggression, ego strength, rigidity, locus of control, and SAKS which included Sexual Deviation, Relation with others, Negative attitude toward institutions, and Abnormal Behaviour. [44%] of girls and [44%] of boys showed Attention Deficit Disorder [ADD]. Also,[40%] of Egyptian boys and girls showed ADD. There was a statistically significant difference between orphans and controls Saudi girls regarding all items of psychological assessment. Orphans and control Saudi boys showed a statistically significant difference for ego strength, psychopathy, sexual deviation, and negative attitude toward home, abnormal behaviour and relation with others. There was a statistically significant difference between orphans and controls Egyptian girls and boys regarding all items of psychological assessment except for locus of control. Egyptian and Saudi orphan boys differed in all items of psychological assessment except for rigidity. Egyptian and Saudi orphan girls differed in for ego strength, sexual deviation, and negative attitude toward home, abnormal behaviour and relation with others. Saudi and Egyptian adolescent orphans showed psychiatric, psychological and behavioural problems, ADHD was the highest psychiatric diagnosis in both Saudi and Egyptian orphans, Orphans had disturbances in ego strength, psychopathy, sexual deviation, locus of control, negative attitude toward others, abnormal behavior and relation with others. There was cultural related difference in psychometric assessment for orphans

Prevalence study of psychiatric morbidity in a sample of adolescents in secondary schools in new Damietta City-Egypt

Few studies have estimated the psychiatric morbidity among adolescents in secondary schools in Egypt. The objectives of this study were to describe such disorders, identify those students with problems, and evaluate the relationship between their problems and some variables related to them. From September 2008 till April 2009. The study was done on 542 students [263 male [48.5%1 and 279 female [51.5%J], age range 15-18 years; those in urban 333 [61.4%] while in rural area 209 [38.61 with exclusion of deaf and blind. The researcher used Child and Adolescent behavior checklist, General health Questionnaire [GHQ], Clinical interview. Students with+ve score on GHQ were clinically interviewed, and the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders were done according to the diagnostic and statistically manual of mental disorder fourth version revised version [DSM IV TR]. About [22%] of Secondary school adolescents suffers from one or more of the psychiatric disorders as follows; Depression 21.4%, ADHD 15.9%, GAD 12.6% Adjustment disorder 12.6%, OCD 9.5%, conduct disorder 6.3%, Oppositional deviant dis. 5.6%, Separation anxiety dis. and Motor tics 4.8%, nocturnal enuresis 3.9%, social phobia 2.7%, no one complained of drug abuse or psychotic dis. The following socio demographic risk factors are statistically correlated to the psychiatric morbidity, age, sex, number of brothers, economic status and place of living. The mental health of Secondary school adolescents should be assessed, as they may be at risk for mental health problems. Preventive and therapeutic interventions are recommended

Psychiatric disorders in patients attending the outpatient clinic and inpatient department of Al Hussein and Bab Elshaaria hospitals from November 2006 to November 2008

The aim of this study was a trial to give a brief picture about the psychiatric disorders in the patients attended to the outpatient clinic and inpatient department as well, during the certain period of time between November 2006 and November 2008. Other aim was to know the most distressing complaint and symptoms that force patients and relatives to attend to the hospital, beside the frequently attending age groups and social variables in order to make that advance in mental health services through specifying new clinics for the most demanding groups. Retrospective documentary study 2-Participants and setting: The study was conducted in the outpatient clinic and inpatient department of psychiatry, Al Hussein university hospital in a certain period of time "from Nov. 2006 till Nov. 2008". 3-Instruments: Trained resident doctors first interviewed the patients in the outpatient clinic to put the proper diagnosis under supervision of the assistant lecturers. Then the collected data from the outpatient clinic dealt with by resident doctor through computer program designed to the psychiatric clinics. These data underwent statistical analysis, and then the researcher described them in tables to correlate between the socio-demographic and clinical variables of the study. The sample size of the study was 582 file that have been made for clients of the outpatient clinic out of a total number 11030 patient had actually attended to the hospital during the same period, besides 427 patient for the inpatient department. Depression and Bipolar disorders diagnosed by DSM IV TR were the most frequent disorders in this sample followed by Psychotic disorders, [11-40] year old was the more presenting age group, most patients were male [61.6%], most patients have never married [54.1%], Most patients were non-or less-educated [27.1%], most patients were not working "no employees" [35.6%]. Psychiatric services in general hospitals need more attention by specifying special clinics for each category of risk groups, besides acting out the documentation system through what's called medical secretary

Cognitive dysfunctionin among schizophernic: first episode versus chronic patients

To compare the cognitive functioning of a sample of patients experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia with that of patients with an established schizophrenia illness. Thirty patients who were experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. Thirty patients with an established schizophrenia illness and thirty control subjects volunteered to undergo the procedures. The cases were recruited from psychological medicine hospital [Kuwait]. All patients met DSM-IV criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia [group II, III]. All the three groups underwent Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale [WAIS], Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]. Wechsler Memory Scale [WMS] and Positive and Negative Symptom Scale [PANSS], this related only to group II and III [patients groups]. Socio demographic characteristics of study sample showed that the mean age in years in group I is 27.77, in group II is 24.87and in group III is 31.37 the study revealed cognitive impairment in the early first-episode schizophrenia either IQ, memory or executive function, the study showed no relation between these cognitive deficits and the demographic variables, in both groups II and III with cognitive deficits. These results support the findings of previous studies suggesting that first-episode patients demonstrate cognitive impairments similar to those of patients with an established schizophrenia illness

Quality of life and coping among caregivers of diabetic and epileptic children in Kuwait: a comparative study

To compare the quality of life and coping capacity among primary care givers of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus [IDDM] children and epileptic ones. The study included 40 primary care givers of children with IDDM and 40 caregivers of children with benign childhood generalized absence seizures. The care givers of both diseased children were subjected to World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief scale [WHO QoL Brief] and Abdel Basset Coping Scale. There are statistically significant differences between the two groups in all domains of WHO QOL Brief and coping scores including total, active coping, emotional, emotional based cognitive processes indicating that quality of life and coping abilities are better for caregivers of diabetic children than those of epileptic ones. Also there is statistically significant correlation between those having IDDM boy, higher educational level of the caregivers and lower scoring on quality of life and coping capacity. In care givers of epileptic children significant correlation noted between duration, frequency of seizure, number of antiepileptic drugs, having an epileptic girl, higher educational and occupational status of care givers and poor quality of life and impaired coping capacity. Caregivers of epileptic children have poor quality of life and impaired coping capacity than those of IDDM children. This may increase the need for educational and psychological support to improve the quality of life and alleviate burden experienced by family having diabetic and epileptic child, especially family having an epileptic child

Determinants of coronary artery bypass graft patency: 64 multidetector computed tomography versus coronary angiography

Multi-detector computed tomography [MDCT] of the coronary arteries is currently considered as a promising alternative to conventional coronary angiography [CA] in both native coronary arteries and coronary artery bypass grafts. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of 64 MDCT with that of invasive angiography in the detection of graft disease, and to investigate the clinical value of 64 MDCT in determining the factors affecting graft patency. Fifty symptomatic patients, 7.2 +/- 5.1 years after bypass surgery, were referred for 64 MDCT coronary angiography and standard invasive coronary angiography. Two independent, blinded observers assessed separately the results of both. The study included 174 grafts, 65 arterial grafts [37.4%] and 109 venous grafts [62.6%], The arterial grafts are 50 left internal mammary arteries [LIMA], 3 right internal mammary arteries [RIMA], and 12 radial artery grafts [RA]. 496 segments were analyzed and yielded, Per-segment detection of graft disease, a 99% sensitivity [89/90] and 100% specificity [379/379]. Patients with diseased grafts had older surgery [8.68 +/- 4.32 vs. 4.79 +/- 3.98 year p<0.001]. There were more patent arterial than venous grafts [54/65 vs. 66/109 p<0.01], and more patent LIMA than RA grafts [44/50 vs. 7/12 p<0.05]. The target vessels included 63 SVG to RCA and branches, 21 SVG to LCX-marginal, 25 SVG to LAD-Diagonals, 6 arterial grafts to LCX-marginal, and 59 to LAD- Diagonals. There were more patent grafts targeting LAD-Diagonals than others [73/174 [42%] vs. 47/174 [27%] p<0.001]. The target vessels size was larger in patent than diseased grafts in both arterial [2.74 +/- 0.44 mm vs. 2.0 +/- 0.63mm p<0.01] and venous [2.05 +/- 0.6mm vs. 1.55 +/- 0.7mm p_0.001] grafts. The target vessel lesions were tighter in patent than diseased grafts in both arterial [95.76 +/- 4.38% vs. 89.91 +/- 4.25% p<0.001] and venous grafes [92.21 +/- 5.98% vs. 79.28 +/- 16.4% p<0.001]. 64 MDCT can accurately delineate the patency and disease of bypass coronary grafts. LIMA to LAD remains the best optional graft. Large caliber target vessels with tight lesions are major determinant of grafts patency