ABSTRACT
Methods@#Sixty patients with RDH were randomly divided into two equal groups: the first group underwent revision discectomy alone and the second underwent revision discectomy with fusion. The primary outcomes evaluated were Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for low back and limb pains, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), disc height indexes, foraminal height index, and disc height subsidence. Secondary outcomes included operative time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, and complications. @*Results@#Revision discectomy with fusion showed superior pain relief and improved functional outcomes, including better VAS scores for both back and leg pain and ODI at 24-month follow-up. Additionally, it restored the stability of the spine better with lower disc height subsidence without significant complications. However, these advantages came at the cost of increased blood loss and longer operative time and hospital stays. @*Conclusions@#Revision discectomy with fusion is recommended for RDH; however, the choice of the procedure should be made caseby- case basis, considering many factors related to the patient and surgical facilities.
ABSTRACT
This review aims to focus and highlight the regio-orientation and regioselectivity of the reactions of 3(5)-aminopyrazoleswith 1,3-bielectrophilic reagents that lead to the formation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. To clarify the significance ofregio-orientation, reactions of 3(5)-aminopyrazoles with symmetric 1,3-bielectrophilic reagents such as acetylacetoneand malononitrile are also included. The comparable nucleophilicity of the exocyclic NH2 group and endocyclicNH in 3(5)-aminopyrazoles is considered as it causes literature controversy associated with regio-orientation of thesubstituents on the pyrimidine ring of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine when unsymmetrical 1,3-bielectrophilic reagentreacts with 3(5)-aminopyrazole. To the best of our knowledge, this review would be the first collective and confinedreport to the regio-orientation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to determine the immune status of Taibah University medical students against HBV, and the possible host factors related to the poor response to a previously-administered hepatitis-B vaccine. A cross-sectional study was conducted which included all 3rd year medical students of Taibah University. One hundred and five responded to a self-administered questionnaire. At the same time, a blood sample analysis was performed for hepatitis B markers [HBs Ag, HBcAb, and HBs Ab] of the participants. Of the total number of respondents, only 36.2% were aware that they received a hepatitis-B vaccine, 52.4% were not sure they received it, and 11.4% were not aware of receiving it. Of all, the hepatitis B markers showed that only 16 students [15.2%] had protective levels against the disease, while the rest showed negative markers, and only one student was immune due to past infection. Students with protective titers often had a family history for hepatitis B or a positive history of contact with a known case. The low prevalence of HBV protective levels in Taibah University medical students needs further research and mandates implementation of a screening program and vaccination for all non-immune health care students
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Medical , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Thirty-six H. pylori infected patients [proved by positive Grams stained film, rapid urease test, culture and histopathology] as well as ten non-infected patients selected among 120 Egyptian patients presenting with dyspepsia were included in the present study. There was no statistically significant difference between H. pylori positive and negative patients concerning their presenting symptoms. The endoscopic examination revealed that gastritis was more prevalent in H. pylori infected patients. A significant relation was found between the complaint of regurgitation and the endoscopic finding of hiatus hernia as well as between the complaints of heart burn and epigastric pain on one hand and the endoscopic detection of gastritis on the other hand. The histopathological examination of gastric biopsies revealed that gastritis in its moderate degree was more prevalent in H. pylori infected patients than in the controls. Stool specimens collected from 36 H. pylori positive patients and 10 ten non-infected controls were examined by an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of H. pylori antigens [Premier Platinum HpSA]. The HpSA test was positive in 35 out of the 36 H. pylori infected patients and in 2 out of the 10 non-infected cases. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 97.2% and 80%, respectively. The overall accuracy rate was 93.5%. The positive and negative predictive values for HpSA test were 94.6% and 89%, respectively