Evaluation of Glucosamine Effect Against Heart and Brain Damage Induced by Y-radiation or Aluminium Chloride in Female Rats

Abstract Glucosamine is known as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and as neuroprotective as well as using to treat many of diseases. This work aimed to investigate the remedial effect of glucosamine (20mg/kg b.wt) against the damage induced by a single dose of γ-radiation (8Gy) or aluminium chloride (AlCl3) (100mg/kg b.wt) in the heart and brain tissues of female rats. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), LDH and creatine kinase (CPK) were measured. Moreover, gene expression of amyloid protein precursor (APP) and seladin-1 were estimated in the brain tissue. Also, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) and p-tau protein expression were estimated in brain homogenate. Metallothioneine (MT) was estimated in the heart and brain tissues. Heart and brain histopathological examination was performed. Irradiation significantly decreased serum AST, CPK and LDH, as well as MT levels in heart and brain tissues. Also, gene expression of seladin-1 decreased. On the other hand, irradiation significantly increased serum TGs level and brain AchE activity, tau protein, and β-amyloid percursor (APP). AlCl3 administration (21 days) induced disturbance in most of the estimated parameters, especially AST, TGs, and MT. Glucosamine treatment with irradiation or AlCl3 improved most of the measured parameters. In addition, histopathological examination confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion: Glucosamine could be used to improve the heart and brain damages induced by γ-radiation exposure or AlCl3.

[Papillary renal cell carcinoma; clinic and pathological study about 27 cases]

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma [PRCC] represent 10 to 15% of renal tumours in adults. They contain more than 75% of tubule-papillary structure and are divided histologically into two subtypes. The distinction between these two sub-types is essential because of different prognosis

Aim: To describe the main clinical, radiological, therapeutic and prognostic features of these tumors. A comparative analysis between the two sub histological types was performed. Methods: This is a retrospective study, from January 2000 to December 2010, concerning 27 patients operated for PRCC. Clinical data was taken from medical observations and radiological analysis was based on CT findings. A second analysis of blades was made in doubtful cases to clarify the histological subtype

Results: PRCC represented 11.3% of renal tumors operated during this period. Mean patients' age was 62 years with a male predominance [sex ratio 3.5]. All tumors were unilateral and mean tumor size was 7 cm. There was no clinical or radiological sign suggestive of this histological type. Treatment consisted of radical nephrectomy in 74% of the cases and nephron sparing surgery in 26% of the cases. We found 17 subtype 1 tumors and 10 subtype 2 tumors. The five year overall and disease-free survival rate were, respectively 86% and 90% in type 1 tumors and 57% and 54% in type tumors

Conclusion: PRCC is the second most common renal cancer in adults. They have no clinical or radiological specific signs suggesting their diagnosis. The distinction between these two sub histological types is essential as subtype 1 tumors have a better prognosis

[Atypical renal cysts]

Background: Atypical renal cysts are suspicious for malignancy. It is hard in some cases to give a sharp radiological diagnosis and propose an appropriate management

Aim: To give the histological results of the operated atypical renal cysts and to establish a correlation between the radiological findings and histological features

Methods: Between January 2001 and December 2012, 22 patients have been operated in our department for atypical renal cysts. There were 10 type III and 12 type IV Bosniak lesions. We have reported clinical, epidemiological and radiological findings. We have analyzed the histological results taking into consideration the radiological findings

Results: According to histological findings, 7 among the 10 type III lesions were benign [70%]. However, only one case of benign tumor was noted in type IV lesions [8.3%]. There was no evident correlation between tumors size and histology. With a median follow up of 48 months, three patients died because of locally advanced tumors

Conclusion: Management of atypical renal cysts remains difficult. A careful computed tomography staging is essential before treatment. Type III and type IV Bosniak cysts were malign in 30% and 91% of cases, respectively. There was no correlation between tumor size and malignancy. A nephron sparing surgery should be proposed whenever possible

Status Epilepticus: an intractable case with a successful outcome

A thirty-two-year-old male patient with a history of fever presented with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions and a low Glasgow Coma Score [GCS]; an endotracheal tube was inserted to secure his airway. The patient had malignant generalized tonic-clonic convulsions for six weeks, he was diagnosed as status epilepticus [SE] on the electroencephalogram [EEG]. Achieving control was very difficult even with various antiepileptic medications. More than six antiepileptic drugs were used in addition to continuous infusion of anesthetic medications to control the convulsions. After four-months in the ICU, the patient became fully conscious with no residual neurological deficit and good control of convulsions but with generalized muscle weakness. The patient was eventually transferred to the regular ward and was discharged after few days

relation between the duration of inhalation abuse of a volatile substance and its effect on the testis. a histological and biochemical study in adult male albino rats

Volatile substance abuse in general, and toluene inhalation in particular, for their neuropsychological effects, represents a significant problem in many developed and developing countries. The present work was designed to investigate the histopathological changes in the testis of adult male albino rats, induced by toluene vapour inhalation over different periods. The present study was carried out on forty adult male albino rats with body weights ranging from 60-100g. The animals were categorized into two groups: Group I: [Control Group] included ten rats received no treatment, Group II: [Toluene inhalants] included thirty adult rats exposed to toluene vapour inhalation. A clean dry piece of cotton was soaked with toluene liquid and placed in the covered cages three times daily, each for about thirty minutes for six days per week. These animals were subdivided into three equal subgroups according to the exposure period; Subgroup [A]: ten rats exposed to toluene vapour for two weeks, Subgroup [B]: ten rats exposed to toluene vapour for eight weeks, Subgroup [C]: ten rats exposed to toluene vapour for twelve weeks. At the end of each duration of the experiment, animals were scarificed by decapitation using light ether anesthesia after taking blood samples. I- Histological examination: Specimens were taken from the testis of all rats and processed for examination by light microscope using haematoxylin and eosin stain and ultrastructural study using the transmission electron microscope. II. Hormonal assay: The concentration of testosterone level, luteinizing hormone [LH] and follicle - stimulating hormone [FSH] were estimated by radio immunoassay. III. GAS chromatography: Concentration of toluene vapour in the blood was measured by High performance liquid chromatography. IV. Statistical analysis: The one way ANOVA test was applied to estimate the significant values of the hormonal assay for serum testosterone, LH and FSH and the 5% level of significance was chosen. The histopathological changes observed in the testis of rats exposed to toluene inhalation demonstrated its potentials to induce cytotoxic effects on the spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells and the interstitial cells of Leydig. The severity of the toluene damaging potentials appeared to be dependent on and directly proportionate to the duration of toluene inhalation. So, the histological changes were mild and scattered in the testis specimens of group A [2 weeks inhalation] and was more severe in both eight and twelve weeks groups. The correlation between high performance liquid chromatography for toluene gas in blood, the biochemical gonadal and gonadotrophin hormonal assay and the histological assessment, explored the various mechanisms that were incorporated in the establishment of the toluene induced testicular injury. The present study proved the undoubting evidences for the damage potentials of toluene on the testis as the major reproductive organ in the male. Furthermore, the study showed the direct proportionality between the toxic effects of toluene vapor and the length of the exposure duration. Yet, the observed histological alterations were highly suggestive for a probable impaired reproduction in experimental animals which needs further study

Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroma: a case report

Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign, neurogenic tumor originating from the neural sheath and frequently localized in the retroperitoneum. Report of a new case. We report a case of a 36-year-old woman presenting isolated right lumbar pain. Computed tomography revealed a heterogeneous, right, retroperitoneal mass, 13 cm in diameter. Complete resection of the tumor and right nephrectomy were performed. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of ganglioneuroma. Follow-up was 10 months with no recurrence. Through this case, we discuss diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of this disease

[Vesico-sigmoid fistula secondary to diverticulitis: a case report]

Vesico-sigmoid fistula is a rare complication of colic diverticular disease. It develops when the bladder sticks to an flammatory colon making of a communication between the bladder and the digestive segment. Usually the sigmoid. Liquid usually passes from the colon to the bladder because of the existing pressure gradient. Hence, urinary symptoms are the most frequent. Surgery is the treatment of choice. The present case is about a 72-year-O1d man who had a total hematuria for 3 months. The diagnosis of a fistula secondary to colic diverticulitis was established by cystoscopy, colonoscopy and cystography Surgery was undertaken and the postoperative outcome was excellent. Through this case the clinical features, special investigations and treatment of vesico-sigmoid fistula, are reported

Facteurs predictifs de morbidite et de mortalite de la chirurgie du vieillard

The aim of the study was to determine prognostic factors of post operative morbidity and mortality for patients aged 80 years and older. We compared two groups of patients aged 80 and over operated to determine predictive factors of morbidity and mortality group of patients who presented post operative complication within 30 days after surgery and group of patients without any complication. Comparison of the two groups for global morbidity using univariate analysis showed only one prognostic factor: surgery of diabetic foot [p = 0.034]. Predictive factors of mortality according to univariate analysis were: pre-operative shock [p = 0.001], abdominal wall pathology [p = 0.027], gastric or duodenal ulcer diseases [p= 0.011] and global morbidity [p = 0.006]. After logistic regression, only pre-operative shock was an independent predictive factor of mortality [p = 0.0023]. Risk for morbidity after surgery in the elderly 80 years and over is linked with type of surgery and not with soil. Likewise, risk for mortality is linked with advanced stage of disease that is presence of pre-operative shock and not with soil

The occurrence of Lindane in some Egyptian water and its effects on swimming performance of carp fish cyprinus carpio

Residues of lindane were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography in water from different investigated areas. Variations were observed in the levels of lindane with the highest concentration at Rossetta Branch followed by Damietta Branch, Maryut Lake and Idku Lake. The median lethal concentration of lindane after 24 hours and 96 hours were 42 and 25.8 mug/l, respectively. The residues level of lindane from different investigated areas as well as its effects on fish swimming performance have been studied. Lindane was found to affect significantly fish swimming performance. It is suggested that lindane may influence the exchange of respiratory gases or the metabolic pathways involved in the mobilization of energy

effects of OMO type of detergents on metabolic rate of tilapia zillii Gerv and determination of its anionic surfactant in some Egyptian water samples

Anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulphonate [LAS] was measured in water samples from three polluted areas. The highest concentrations of LAS were found in Lake Maryute, while Abu-Quir represented the intermediate area. Idku Lake proved to have the lowest concentration. It has been confirmed that the distribution of LAS in the water samples depended upon the studied areas, seasons and depths. The results of fish bio-toxicity showed that the LC[50]-96h.was 125 mg/l. The behavioural responses of the fish exposed to OMO was found to be identical to the effect of hypoxia, which points out to a similar mechanism of toxicity. On the other hand, fish exposed to sublethal concentrations of OMO exhibited a significant increase in the metabolic rate, which indicates a disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism