Cognitive profile [or sample of children diagnosed with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder on stanford- binet intelligence scale- fifth edition

Background: This study is an attempt to detect the differences between children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and normal children in mental and cognitive capacity included in the response to sub-tests of Stanford-Bmet-Fifth Edition to assess the capabilities of these children and to prepare cognitive page for the performance of each group and this in turn leads to determine which the strengths and weaknesses in mental abilities and cognitive functions specific to each group for the development of the weaknesses and take advantage of the strengths in education and training to achieve maximum compatibility for these children

Sample: The study sample consisted of total 120 children ranging in age from [6-12] years. The group of children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder consists of 60 children [30 males and 30 females]. And the normal group consists of 60 children [30 males and 30 females]

Tools: Stanford-Bmet Intelligence scale-Fifth Edition, Children's Attention and Adjustment Survey, and The Cultural, Economical and social standard scale [by Mohammed Behairy]

Statistical Methods: The following statistical methods were used: The average, standard deviation and t-test

Results: There are distinctive cognitive page for children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale-Fifth Edition characterized by a distinctive pattern of cognitive page in capacity, and There are differences between the mean scores of children with attention deficit /hyperactivity disorder and normal children on the weighted grades of sub-scale tests, verbal and non-verbal scales and total score of the Stanford-Bmet Intelligence scale-Fifth Edition, and the differences have emerged in favor of normal children

Predictive value of maternal hormonal serum level of inhibin a in case of threatened abortion

Threatened abortion is the commonest complication in pregnancy, it is defined as vaginal bleeding with or without menstrual like cramps in the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. No history of passage of tissue or rupture of membrane is present and ultrasound demonstrates an intrauterine sac with fetal cardiac activity. The early and accurate prediction of unsuccessful pregnancy in this situation should lead to appropriate treatment without unnecessary delay, but still there is no efhctive marker to predict in advance the outcome of threatened abortion. Inhibin A concentration rises and falls during the menstrual cycle. The lowest level is during the early and late days of the cycle and peaks during midcyles coincident with LH surge and midlureal period [being twofold higher than the first]. its level is higher in pregnant women than in non pregnant, and increases throughout pregnancy until delivery. in the early weeks of gestation, the corpus luteum is the principal source of inhibin but about the eighth week, it is excreted from the fetoplacental unit, immediately after delivery it's level decreases sharply. Th aim of the present research was to study the possible role of inhibin A in predicting pregnancy outcome in women with threatened abortion. This study included fifty pregnant women at 8 and 10 weeks gestational age, they were divided into: Groujy I [studied group] including 30 pregnant women with threatened abortion. Group II [control group] including 20 healthy not complaining pregnant women matched with the studied group. All of them were subjected to the following: Complete history taking, general clinical examination; obstetric examination; routine laboratory investigations; ultrasound examination for detection of fetal viability and fetal parameters; maternal blood samples were collected for determination of the quantitative measurement of inhibin A and follow up of cases till reaching 20 weeks of gestational age. The studied groups were further subdivided according to the outcome of pregnancy into: Group A [threatened abortion and fluting pregnancies] n 15; group B [threatened abortion bui ongoing pregnancies] n 15. The results of the study were analysed statistically, and we found that; there was a significant decrease in the levels of inhibin A in cases of threatened abortion [group I] compared with the control group. Much more significant lower levels of inhibin A were Jbund in cases of threatened abortion and failing pregnancies [group A] compared with the cases of threatened abortion but ongoing pregnancies [group B]. The cutoff value of inhibin A was measured, using the receiving operator curve [Roc curve], it was 268.9 pg/mI with a sensitivity of 82.5% and a specificity of 90.1% at8 weeks, while it was 395.5 pg/mI with a sensitivity of 85.5% undo specificity of 90.5% at 10 weeks. From our study we concluded that, finding an abnormal low level of inhibin A in pregnant fimale with threatened abortion can predict poor pregnancy outcome. The expanding knowledge of the role of inhibins since the development of specific and sensitive assays has opened the field for their potential uses in clinical practice. Examining the role of inhib ins and other biochemical markers in early pregnancy ftzilure will lead to an improved understanding of the mechanism behind it and will aid in selection of patients in whom expectant management is appropriate

Mal use of long acting penicillin among schoolchildren

For more than five decades since benzathine penicillin G has been the gold standard for secondary prophylaxix of rheumatic fever. It remains the unique and has withstood the test of time. This study was designed to verify the use of benzathine penicillin G [Long acting penicillin] for cases of rheumatic fever among schoolchildren at El-Mahalla El-Kobra Province, Gharbia Governorate. It was conducted at two communities [one urban and one rural] during a period of five months from December 2004 up to the end of April 2005. A multistage random sampling was used to select both areas and schools [primary and preparatory] being studied. All children used long acting penicillin [LAP] at the studied schools were included at the study. The required data was collected through filling a pre-designed questionnaire sheet by direct interview, clinical examination together with measurement of antistreptolycin O titer [ASO] and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] to verify the importance of these test in diagnoses of acute rheumatic fever and continuation of long acting penicillin prophylaxis. Out of 4904 schoolchildren, a total of 220 children representing 44.9/1000 reported long acting penicillin intake. Their mean age was 12.3 +/- 1.9 years. The results reflected the overuse of LAP where; Females constituted 76.4% and atypical presentations reported by 65.9%, mostly knee/or leg pain [66.9%]. Residence has no significant effect on sex [p=0.216], first presentations [p=0.076] and level of ASO titer [p= 0.574], ESR; 1[st] hour [p=0.073] and 2[nd] hour [p=0.288]. On the other hand, first presentations were significantly affected by age [p=0.04] and sex [p=0.015]. Residence and type of first presentations had no significant effect on continuation of LAP intake continuation; Also, the results revealed mal use of LAP where; 26.7% of children with typical presentations discontinued their prophylaxis and 60.7% of those had atypical presentation continue LAP intake. Children with typical presentations had significantly higher levels of ASO [p=0.018] and ESR; 1[st] hour [p=0.026] and 2[nd] hour [p=0.048] at the initial presentations. This difference between typical and atypical presentations disappeared by time. Thus, ASO titer and ESR tests can help in diagnosis of the initial attack of rheumatic fever but, they are not suitable indicators for continuation of rheumatic fever prophylaxis

High resolution computed tomography assessment of airway wall thickness in patients with bronchial asthma

HRCT scanning increasingly used in bronchial asthma. This work was planned to assess the thickness of airway wall in chronic bronchial asthma by using HRCT scanning and its relation to pulmonary function and asthma severity. The study was carried out on 25 chronic asthmatic patients 14 females and 11 males and 10 normal healthy subjects as a control group they were matching as regard age, gender, and height All cases were subjected to the following: complete history taking complete clinical examination, plain chest radiography, pulmonary function tests and HRCT chest scanning at 5 levels; top of aortic arch, at the main carina, 1 cm below main carina, at the level of pulmonary veins, and 2 cm above right hemidiaphragm. Asthmatic patients were classified into severe asthma II cases, moderate asthma 10 cases, and 4 cases as mild asthma, the following data were found: There were no statistically significant difference between cases and control groups -in age, sex or height. There were highly significant increases in FVC, FEV[1], and FEF25-75% and low significance increase in FEV[1]/FVC among cases after use of bronchodilator than before it There was no significant difference in pulmonary function before and after BD among control group There were significant difference between cases and control groups in all pulmonary function results. There were high significant difference between cases and control groups in FEV[1], FVC, FEF 25-75% after use of bronchodilator. There were statistically significant negative association between wall thickness and FEV[1]/FVC and FEF25 75%. There were statistically negative significant correlation between wall area and FEF25-75%, and FEV[1]/FVC- There were significant negative correlation between [thickness/diameter] T/D ratio and FEF 25-75% and FEV[1]/FVC. There were significant correlation between airway wall area and severity of bronchial asthma. No significant correlation between airway wall thickness and FEV[1] but there is negative association between wall thickness and FEF25-75% and FEV[1]/FVC ratio. This study showed strong positive correlation between wall thickness, wall area and asthma severity and duration of asthma There were significant correlation between asthma severity, duration, and thickness of the airway wall and wall area%. Many changes as bronchiectasis, mucoid impaction, emphysema and bronchial dilatation were found in chronic asthmatics

Study of the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Damietta chest diseases hospital and chest clinic over the period from 1997-2001

The pattern of pulmonary Tuberculosis in Damietta chest hospital and chest clinic in the period from 1997-2001 has been studied to give an idea about trends of tuberculosis in Damietta govenonate and about effectiveness of tuberculosis control program in Egypt and comparing these results with other obtained in other areas The data collected included:-I-Total number of subjects examined yearly 2-Total number of tuberculosis cases whether pulmonary or extrapulmonary and their percentage to total number examined .3-Age, and sex and occupation distribution among tuberculosis patients examined .4-Type of pulmonary tuberculosis ;primary, hematogenous, or bronchogenic 5-Grades of bronchogenic tubercolosis radiologically 6-Result of sputum examination either by direct smear or culture. 7-Type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis 8-X ray appearance of lesions 9-Defaulter number and theft percentage. 10-Fate of diseased patients. The study included 1102 cases diagnosed as pulmonary extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and pleural effusion. This cases classified into 792 cases pulmonary tuberculosis, 200 cases extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 110 cases tuberculosis pleural effusion There were 277 cases in year 1997, 273 cases in year 1998, 214 cases in year 1999, 180 cases in year 2000, 158 cases in year 2001. The results are collected in tables 1-13 The average percentage of pulmonary TB in Damietta Chest Hospital was [71.74%] and extra-pulmonary TB percentage was [18.3%]-The percentage of bronchogenic pulmonary TB was [95%], while primary pulmonary TB was [4.9%]. Pleural effusion percentage was [9.9%]and military TB lesion was [0.1%] in Damietta Chest Hospital .The relapse rate in Damietta Chest Hospital was [6.2%] and treatment failure rate was [10%] while mortality rate was [3.6%]

Effects of rice husk dust on the pulmonary function measurements of rice polishing workers

Dakahlia Governorate is considered one of the important areas for cultivation and polishing of rice. Several studies showed that dust acts as an airway irritant. Therefore the present work was carried out to study some pulmonary function measurements of rise polishing workers and to investigate the effects of parasitic upon the pulmonary function of the exposed workers. The study population comprised of 109 workers exposed to rise husk dust and 30 individuals as controls. All subjects were submitted to a designed questionnaire, pulmonary function tests, urine and stool analysis. A significant reduction in the mean values of the pulmonary function measurements of the exposed workers comared to the controls. Also there was a significant decline in the pulmonary function indices of the exposed workers with parasitic infestation compared to those exposed and free from parasites. Bilharzial infestation has a more significant reductive effect on the pulmonary function than that of Entamaeba histolytica. In exposed workers, smoking significantly reduced the mean values of all lung functions of smokers parasitic infections compared to those with of the non-smokers with parasitic infections. This implies the possibility of a relation between smoking, parasitic infestation and exposure to rice husk dust, on one hand and the palmonary indices measured on the others

Chromosomal study in cases of amenorrhoea

Cytogenetic study of 50 cases of primary or secondary amenorrhea was done aiming at the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and sex chromatin patterns. The incidence of abnormal sex chromatin test was 57% in primary amenorrhea and 45% in secondary amenorrhea. The incidence of abnormal karyotyping was 31% in the first group and none in the second group. Also, correlations between the cytogenetic findings with clinical features and laparoscopic findings in these patients were discussed. It was concluded that sex chromatin analysis is a good screening test and should be performed for all cases of amenorrhea. Chromosomal abnormalities constitute a frequent causes of primary amenorrhea