Multi-center study of wilms tumors treated by different therapeutic strategies in two different countries

According to the treatment of Wilims' tumours', two different therapeutic strategies were established in the 2[nd] half of the last century. Both NWTS and SIOP have helped to improve the clinical management and outcome of Wilms' tumour's patients. In this study we compared the 3 groups of Wilms' tumour patients with different racial backgrounds and therapeutic strategies. Clinicopathological review was performed for 40 patients treated at Kyushu University [KU] hospital in Japan from 1960 to 2006 according to NWTS and JWiTS [Japanese Wilms' tumour Study] protocols, and 79 patients treated at South Egypt Cancer Institute [SECI] from 2002 to 2009 according to SIOP protocol. Retrospective study of 33 patients treated at pediatric surgery department of Assiut University hospital, from 2000 to 2009 according to NWTS protocol In KU group, a favourable histology [FH] was diagnosed in 82.5% and an unfavourable histology [UH] in 17.5%. Distribution of the clinical stage: I = 40%, II = 22.5%, III = 22.5%, IV = 7.5%, V = 7.5%. Five year overall survival was 82.5% and 5 year stage related survival was as follows; I 93.7%, II 83.3%, III 62.5%, IV 33.3% and V 100%. In SECI group, FH was diagnosed in 89.9%, UH in 8.8% and benign disease in 1.3%. Distribution of the clinical stage [pre and post chemotherapy] was as follows: I = 25.3% 50%, II =19% 20%, III = 35.4 15%, IV = 12.5% 5%, V =7.6% 7.6%. No case of intra-operative tumour rupture was recorded. The overall 5 year survival rate 80% with 5 year stage related survival was as follows; 195%, 11 93%, III 75%, IV 50% and V 83%. In AU group a favourable histology [FH] was diagnosed in 79% and an unfavourable histology [UH] in 9%. Distribution of the clinical stage: I = 39.4%, II = 21.2%, III = 21.2%, IV = 12%, V = 6%. The overall 5 years survival rate was 78.8% and 5 year stage related survival was as follows; 192%, 11 86%, III 71%, IV 50% and V 50%. The KU and AU group results proved the advantages of primary surgery in which accurate staging information and unmodified tumour histology helped subsequent treatment by proper chemotherapy dose. The SECI group results proved that preoperative chemotherapy increased the rate of stage I disease and decreasing the incidence of intraoperative tumour rupture. However, there was a possibility that chemotherapy administered to benign disease or an inappropriately low dose led to unfavourable histology

TNF-alpha in NIDDM, obese and non obese persons

Adipocytes are producing a variety of molecules that are capable of Junctioning in both a paracrine and autocrine fashion, tumor necrosis factor alpha is one of these molecules that has been shown to be elevated in obese and diabetic patients a finding which was correlated to insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities and certain types of obesity. the present study was conducted on 46 persons; 26 diabetics, 10 obese non diabetic and 10 non obese non diabetic persons. All of them were subjected to the following investigations: weight, height, BMI, W/H ratio, fat%, lipid profile, HBAlc and TNF alpha determination. It was found that there is a significant elevation of [LDL, TG, cholesterol VLDL, fasting blood glucose, HBAlc and TNF alpha] in diabetic group as compared to control non obese group. The same situation applies to the difference between diabetic group and obese non-diabetic group when comparing [TG, cholesterol, VLDL, fasting blood glucose, HBAlc and TNF alpha]. Comparing obese and non obese normal persons, it was found TNFalpha was insignificantly elevated. Correlating TNF alpha with different other parameters showed the following findings; in group 1 there was a positive correlation with BMI and fat% while there was no significant correlation with W/H ratio, in groups 2 and 3 there was no significant correlation between TNFalpha and any of the different parameters, interestingly, making this correlation in the whole sample [26 diabetic patients, 10 non obese normal persons and 10 obese non diabetic persons] it was found that TNF alpha is significantly correlated to W/H ratio, LDL, cholesterol VLDL, fasting blood glucose and HBAlc our results show that TNF alpha is significantly elevated in diabetic group more than other group and is related to fat% and BMI, this confirms the results of the previous studies and stresses its importance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and may be vascular remodeling in addition to other factors

possible role for testosterone hormone on lipid peroxidation and some parameters of oxidant-antioxidant balance in rat myocardial tissue

The link between androgens and coronary artery disease remains elusive and the possible mechanisms that may relate testosterone to the development of cardiovascular diseases have not been well established yet. This study was designed to clarify the effect of testosterone hormone on lipid peroxidation and oxidants-antioxidant balance in rat myocardial tissue. Forty male albino rats included in this study were divided into 4 equal groups. Group [1] served as control rats and the other three groups were subjected to castration. One week after castration, group [2] rats were injected with solvent, group [3] rats received i.m. testosterone enanthate 10 mg/kg once weekly and group [4] received i.m.daily injections of vitamin E [alpha-tocopherol] in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. All injections were continued for 4 weeks then all rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the hearts were obtained and prepared for the estimation of lipid peroxides as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS], nitrite concentration, glutathione [GSH], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-PX] activity and vitamin E [alpha tocopherol]. TBARS and nitrites concentrations were significantly higher in the myocardial tissue extract of group [2] than group [1] rats while GSH and GSH-PX were sign lower, indicating that castration put the rat myocardial tissue under oxidative stress. However, in group [3] and group [4], TBARS and nitrites were sign lower and GSH and GSH-PX activity were sign higher than group [2], indicating that testosterone replacement therapy as well as vitamin E therapy protected the castrated rats from the oxidative stress and restored the oxidant- antioxidant balance in rat myocardial tissue. It could be concluded that testosterone may have a role in preserving oxidant- antioxidant balance in myocardial tissue of albino rats and this may be one of the mechanisms that could explain a suggested cardioprotective role of testosterone