comparative study of caudal morphine or ketamine for post-operative analgesia in children

In a randomized double-blind study of 30 children [aged 18 months - 6 yr.] pain following herniotomy was releived with a caudal injection of either 0.1 mg kg - 1 morphine or 0.5 mg kg -1 ketamine with normal saline 1 ml. kg. -1. There was no significant difference in post-operative behaviour or analgesic requirements between two groups. The morphine group provided better analgesia than the Ketamine group. Side effects such as urinary retention, vomiting, respiratory depresion were minimal in both groups

Prevention of tourniquet pain by spinal isobaric bupivacaine with morphine

In order to asses the effect of spinal morphine on tourniquet pain, 30 patients scheduled to undergo orthopedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly to two groups. Patients in group I [N=15] received 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine 15 mg plus isolated saline 1 ml. Patients in group II [N=15] received 0.5% bupivacaine 15 mg plus morphine 1 ml [0.3 mg]. Sensory block was evaluated by pinprick and motor block with Bromage's scale. The presence of moprhine significantly prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block. Three patients in group I, but none in group II, experienced tourniquet pain. Hypotension and bradcardia were not worsened by spinal morphine. The use of morphine may be a useful technique to augment bupivacaine spinal block