ABSTRACT
Introduction: Antibiotics as a type of pharmaceutical compounds are widely used in modern medicine and veterinary industries. They enter the environment in different ways, including agricultural runoff, direct discharge of urban wastewater treatment or human waste, direct disposal of medical, veterinary industrial waste and etc. Antibiotics have been able to influence the microbial population. Their continuous presence in the environment can lead to bacterial resistance and in recent years the issue has caused serious concerns in the scientific community
Methods: Unfortunately, In spite of the extensive investigations, there is still a considerable lack of integrated and classified information to assess the environmental risks of antibiotics. Therefore, in the current study, the removal of these compounds from aqueous solutions was studied. This study was carried out on the basis of surveys accomplished in recent decades and also the ones published in databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Springer, Magiran and SID using Anti-bacterial agents, Antibiotic, Wastewater, removal methods as the keywords
Results: Advanced treatment processes such as ozonation, advanced oxidation, activated carbon, Nano filtration and reverse osmosis can remove higher levels of antibiotics
Conclusion:Generally, the biological and chemical processes alone are not effective for antibiotics, removal from aquatic environments, while combination of advanced oxidation and biological treatment processes can effectively reduce the amount of antibiotic
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The modeling aims to simulate or optimize a process in physical, chemical or biological environments and the derived model will provide a considerable assistance to generate data and predict unknown condition, in case of sufficient suitability. Unsuitable disposal and elimination of waste tires have polluted the environment and human life areas, it also have caused removal of a huge amount of recyclable materials and energy. Besides, attached growth biological processes of wastewater treatment are faced with very high costs of the beds used in such methods. Thus, this study targeted at the following topics: reuse of waste tires, reduction of the costs associated with preparation of biological wastewater treatment system beds, and increased productivity of refineries
Materials and Methods: The current experimental study was conducted in pilot scale, in which ability of Fixed Bed Sequence Batch Reactor [FBSBR] and Sequencing Batch Reactor [SBR] was evaluated by synthetic wastewater in diverse loadings. Ultimately, the derived data were analyzed using the statistical software packages SPSS and MS Excel
Results: The maximum removal efficiencies of dissolved chemical oxygen demand for FBSBR and SBR reactors were 98.3 % and 97.9 %, respectively. In addition, Stover-Kincannon model provided a very suitable fitness [R[2] > 0.99] for loading the bioreactor FBSBR
Conclusion: According to the results, not only waste tires can be reused, but also these wastes can be employed as a proper biological bed in wastewater refineries to improve their efficiency
ABSTRACT
Background: Amoxicillin is widely used as an antibiotic in the modern medicine. Due to its chemical structure, polarity, activity level, antibiotic specifications, and environmental sustainability, Amoxicillin leaks into the groundwater, surface waters, and drinking water wells. Many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing Amoxicillin from aquatic environments. However, these methods are so costly and have many performance problems
Methods: In this study, biodegradation of Amoxicillin by submerged biological aerated filter [SBAF] was evaluated in the aquatic environment. In order to assess the removal of Amoxicillin from the aquatic environment, this bioreactor was fed with synthetic wastewater based on sucrose and Amoxicillin at 3 concentration levels and 4 hydraulic retention times [HRTs]
Results: The maximum efficiency for Amoxicillin and Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand [SCOD] removal was 50.8% and 45.3%, respectively. The study findings showed that Stover-Kincannon model had very good fitness in loading Amoxicillin in the biofilter [R[2]> 99%]. There was no accumulation of Amoxicillin in the biofilm and the loss of Amoxicillin in the control reactor was negligible. This shows that removal of Amoxicillin from the system was due to biodegradation
Conclusions: It can be concluded that there was no significant inhibition effect on mixed aerobic microbial consortia. It was also observed that Amoxicillin degradation was dependent on the amount of Amoxicillin in the influent and by increasing the initial Amoxicillin concentration, Amoxicillin biodegradation increased, as well