ABSTRACT
Background: Now a day’s melasma is a common pigmentarysyndrome among Asians and treatment is challenging. Oraltranexamic acid (TA) has materialized as a potential treatmentfor refractory melasma.Objective: In this study our main objective is to evaluateefficacy of oral tranexamic acid over melasma.Method: This opened clinical trial study was carried out atTertiary medical hospital Dhaka from June 2016 to July 2018where informed consent was sought from the total 120 patientsto take part in the study. At the baseline visit, history ofmelasma regarding length of time present, relationship topregnancy, oral contraceptive, drug history were noted.Result: During the experiment, maximum patients belong to21-25 years age group and percentage of female were 82%higher than male. Also, after 6 months follow up of 250mgdose of tranexamic acid (TA) treatment result, where patientsrating for excellent, good, fair, and poor outcome accounted21% patients, 66%, 13%, and 11 % patient, respectively.Conclusion: From our result and analysis we can say that,oral TA can be a very much effective treatment for refractorymelasma. Careful screening for personal and familial riskfactors for thromboembolism should be done beforeintroduction.
ABSTRACT
Background: The present study was carried out for the isolation, identification of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from broiler meat samples (leg muscle, breast muscle and drumstick) which were collected from different upazilla markets of Mymensingh, Gazipur, and Sherpur districts during the period of January 2015 to May 2015. Methods: A total of 60 samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification by using cultural, biochemical, and polymerase chain reaction assays. Results: Using standard bacteriological techniques E. coli was isolated from 50 (83.33%) samples and Salmonella spp. from 18 (31.66%) samples. Furthermore, the isolates were subjected to antibiogram studies by disk diffusion method using eight commonly used antibiotics. Antibiogram studies revealed that gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin were highly sensitive against all the isolated bacteria, whereas most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Out of all the isolates, 5 isolates of E. coli and 3 isolates of Salmonella were found multidrug resistant. Conclusions: The study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Salmonella and E. coli in broiler meat sold in live bird market of different upazilla.
ABSTRACT
Umbilical hernias in calves commonly present to veterinary clinics, which are normally secondary to failure of the normal closure of the umbilical ring, and which result in the protrusion of abdominal contents into the overlying subcutis. The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of commonly-used herniorrhaphies for the treatment of reducible umbilical hernia in calves. Thirty-four clinical cases presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh from July 2004 to July 2007 were subjected to comprehensive study including history, classification of hernias, size of the hernial rings, presence of adhesion with the hernial sacs, postoperative care and follow-up. They were reducible, non-painful and had no evidence of infection present on palpation. The results revealed a gender influence, with the incidence of umbilical hernia being higher in female calves than in males. Out of the 34 clinical cases, 14 were treated by open method of herniorrhaphy and 20 were treated by closed method. Complications of hernia were higher (21%) in open method-treated cases than in closed method-treated cases (5%). Hernia recurred in three calves treated with open herniorrhaphy within 2 weeks of the procedure, with swelling in situ and muscular weakness at the site of operation. Shorter operation time and excellent healing rate (80%) were found in calves treated with closed herniorrhaphy. These findings suggest that the closed herniorrhaphy is better than the commonly-used open method for the correction of reducible umbilical hernia in calves.