ABSTRACT
Fungal nail infection [onychomycosis] is a common disease in all communities consisting about 50 percent of nail disorders. Yeasts are one of the important causative agents of onychomycosis. Identification of the yeast species is important in the epidemiological and therapeutical point of views. The aim of the present study is the precise species identification of the pathogenic yeast isolated from fungal nail infections, using the DNA-based methods. The isolates were preliminary studied according to study of morphological characteristics. For species identification, the genomic DNA of each sample was extracted by boiling method and the ITS region of ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. The amplified DNA was digested by the restriction enzyme MspI and each isolate was identified according to the electrophoretic patterns. A new enzymatic profile was used for final differentiation of Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis. A few of yeast isolates were identified by using ITS-sequensin. C. albicans with the prevalence of 45.6% was the most common isolate, followed by C. parapsilosis with 22.5% and C. tropicalis with 21.8%. The less common species were C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. kefyr, C. lusitaniae, C. guilliermondii and C. pulcherrima that consisted 2.72%, 2%, 1.36%, 0.68% and 0.68% of the isolates, respectively. No C. dubliniensis was found among C. albicans isolates. Two isolates [1.36%] were identified as Trichosporon spp. The most common group of the patients was in the age range of 40-70 years old and the majority [83.2%] of the patients were women with finger nail infections. Although C. albicans is still the most prevalent isolates of nail candidiasis, the increasing number of non-albicans species is notable. The study showed that for identification of some rare species, the routine phenotypical approaches are not efficient and application of the ITS-PCR-RFLP can improve the level of differentiation up to 98%. The remaining isolates can be identified by more expensive methods such as sequencing
ABSTRACT
A total of 1118 soldiers who were wounded in war and hospitalized in Tehran, were examined for P.versicolor-a superficial mycotic infection. Of these,213 were war-wounded, 54 chemical [mustard] gas-wounded, 42 both war and chemical gas-wounded, 105 had infectious and non infectious diseases, and 704 were apparently healthy soldiers serving in war fronts who were examined for P.versicolor and its relation with a history of contact with mustard gas. In this study the prevalence of P.versicolor among the above groups was: 7.40%, 1.85%, 9.52%, 11.42% and 6.11% respectively. Upon microscopic examination [Scotch tape method] from hyperpigmented parts of the skin resulting from mustard gas, P. orbiculare [the etiologic agent of P.versicolor] was seen abundantly. This observation leads us to hypothesize that there may be a relation between P.versicolor and previous contact with mustard gas