ABSTRACT
Background: The particles in the range of 1-100 run are called nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticle is one of the most important metal nanoparticles with wide usage
Objective: This study investigated the effects of gold nanoparticles on sperm parameters and chromatin structure in mice
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 72 male bulb-c mice were divided into 9 groups including: ;4 Sham groups [Sc 1-4], 4 experimental groups [Au 1-4], and 1 control group [C]. Experimental groups received 40 and 200 fig/kg/day soluble gold [Au] nano-particles for 7 and 35 days, by intra peritoneal injection, respectively. Sham groups were treated with 1.2 rnM sodium citrate solution with 40 and 200 jag/kg/day doses for same days and control group did not receive any materials. Motility and Morphology of spermatozoa were analyzed. Chromatin quality was also evaluated using AB [Aniline blue], TB [Toluidine blue] and CMA3 [Chromomycin A3] staining methods
Results: The sperm analysis results showed that motility and morphology of sperm in experimental groups [especially in groups that have been treated for 35 days with nano-particles] had significant decrease in comparison with control group. TB, AB and CM A3 results showed a significant increase in abnormal spermatozoa from all Au-treated groups
Conclusion: Gold nano-particles firstly can reduce the sperm parameters such as motility and normal morphology and secondly affect sperm chromatin remodeling and cause the increase instability of chromatin and also increase the rate of sperm DNA damage. These deleterious effects were more obvious in maximum dose and chronic phase
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: ecstasy or 3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA] is a brain stimulant and a hallucinogenic material prepared by chemical changes in amphetamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes induced by this drug in mouse cardiac histopathology, electrocardiogram [ECG] and blood cell counts
Materials and Methods: in this experiment, 3 groups [n=10] of mice were enrolled. Group 1, as control, received placebo. Group 2 mice were given single daily low dose [20 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA, and group 3 were given single daily high dose [40 mg/kg/d for 28 days] of intraperitoneal MDMA. An AVF lead ECG record was obtained, a blood sample was taken for complete blood counts, and the heart was removed for microscopic study of tissue sections with routine staining
Results: the group 3 showed significant decrease in erythrocyte indices, myocarditis in 7 cases and monocyte infiltration around cardiac myocytes in 6 cases. In group 2, lower degree of myocardial injury was observed, but significant increase in QT and QTc durations was observed in ECG. In high dose group, red blood count, hematocrit, mean cell volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed significant changes in comparison with the control group
Conclusion: ecstasy can affect red blood cell index and lead to anemia. Many monocytes may be seen around cardiac cells, and increased ventricular depolarization and repolarization can lead to increase in QRS-QT interval. Combination of myocarditis, arrhythmia and sinus tachycardia reflect change in cardiac function and myocardial structure. Cardiac injury due to hypoxia and ischemia may cause myocardial infarction
ABSTRACT
In spite of the existing reports on behavioural and biochemical changes related to the cerebellum due to noise stress, not much is known about the effect of noise stress on the neuronal changes in the cerebellum. The present study aims at investigating the effects from one week noise exposure on granule cell number and Purkinje cell volume within the neonate rat cerebellum. 15-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into noise exposed [NE] and control groups [n=8 in each group]. NE rats exposed to loud noise [100 dB/30 min/3 times per day] during the third postnatal week. One cerebellar half was selected at random for estimating the volume of the cerebellar layers and neuronal quantifications and the other was used for estimating individual somal volume of Purkinje cells. Cavalieri's principle, physical disector and nucleator methods were employed respectively for unbiased estimation of the volumes of the cerebellar layers, the numerical density of neurons and the individual volume of Purkinje cells. Results of this study show that noise stress significantly decreases the volume of granule layer together with decreased numerical density and total number of granule cells in the cerebellum. Furthermore, a decrease in somal volume of Purkinje cells was found in NE rats. These results, for the first time, demonstrate an effect of noise stress on the granule cell number and individual volume of Purkinje cells in rat cerebellum