ABSTRACT
Long-term usage of Metformin is associated with lower serum vitamin B12 levels. The lower than normal levels could worsen neurological complications of diabetes, including diabetic neuropathy and poor cognition. Guidelines advise periodic monitoring of vitamin B12 but do not specify frequency, treatment targets or treatment modality. This commentary aims to review the prevalence and the severity of the presentation and to provide evidence-based answers to those clinical questions not answered by current guidelines.
ABSTRACT
Meckle's diverticulum is not a very common cause of acute abdomen, yet occasionally it manifests itself as a life threatening condition. We carried out this study to observe the varied clinical manifestations of Meckle's diverticulum in patients with acute abdomen. This study was conducted in Agency Headquarter Hospital Wana and data collected from various surgical clinics. It was a prospective study conducted during four years form 2000-2003. All patients underwent laparotomy for signs and symptoms of acute abdomen. A total of 900 cases were studied. Of these [18 patients] 2% were found to have Meckle's diverticulum. Nine hundred patients of acute abdomen were studied. All were operated and the diagnosis confirmed by histopathologic examination. Eighteen patients [2%] were having Meckle's diverticulum. Six patients [37.5%] were symptomatic. Twelve patients [62.5%] were having Meckle's diverticulum with no signs of pathology. Of the symptomatic 6 patients, 2 patients [39%] presented with intestinal obstruction. Haemorrhage, perforation, diverticulitis, and Meckle's diverticulum having ectopic mucosa were presented each in one patient [15%]. Meckle's Diverticulum is a rare cause of acute abdomen. It presents with obstruction in the pediatric age group and with perforation, heamorrahage and ectopic mucosa in adults. The symptoms caused by Meckle's diverticulum are mainly due to bands or ectopic mucosa. Diverticulum found in patients less than 30 years age should be resected and in older patients resection is indicated if ectopic gastric tissue is suspected. Diverticular bands can simply be cut in these patients
ABSTRACT
During one year [1988], 101 adult patients [28 males and 73] females from Mosul area, suffering from chronic non-specific urinary tract infection [Chr. UTI] for more than one -year in spite of repeated treatments were subjected to a variety of investigations to reveal the presence of concealed urinary tuberculosis. Sediments of 2.hours urine samples including two early mornings were examined directly by Zeihl-Neelsen stain and by culture, using Lowenstein-Jensen and/or Sula media. The same urine examinations were carried out on a control group consisting of 22 adult persons [9 males and 13 females] who were not suffering from chronic UTI. The study revealed positive results for AFB in 31 cases [30.69%] either by direct microscopy or culture None of the control group showed any positive results