Genetic and environmental relationships among milk yield, persistency of milk yield, somatic cell count and calving interval in Holstein cows / Relaciones genéticas y ambientales entre el rendimiento lechero, la persistencia del rendimiento lechero, el recuento de células somáticas y el intervalo de partos en vacas Holstein / Relações genéticas e ambientais entre produção de leite, persistância de produção de leite, contagem de células somáticas e intervalo de pertos em vacas Holstein

Abstract Background: Fertility and health traits, other than production traits, have a major role in the profitability of dairy cattle. Therefore, it seems necessary to include the afore mentioned traits in breeding programs. Hence, genetic parameters are needed to establish breeding plans. Objective: To estimate heritabilities as well as genetic and environmental relationships among total milk yield (TMY), persistency of milk yield (PMY), mean somatic cell count (SCC), mean loge somatic cell count (LnSCC), standard deviation of somatic cell count (stdSCC), and calving interval (CI) using two-trait and multi-trait analyses in Iranian Holstein. Methods: The dataset consisted of 25,883 first lactation records collected from 2002 to 2007 in 97 Holstein dairy herds in Iran. Four criteria of persistency of milk yield (PMY) were calculated using the Wood's gamma function. The WOMBAT1.0 software was used to estimate the (co)variance components using the Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood algorithm. Results: Total milk yield (TMY) resulted in the highest heritability estimate (0.29). Heritability estimates for different criteria of persistency of milk yield (PMY) ranged from 0.05 to 0.10. The unfavorable genetic correlation between TMY and calving interval (CI) was 0.71, while that of PMY with CI was 0.46. The estimated environmental correlations were lower than the genetic correlations for all traits, but the trends were generally similar. Conclusion: The results indicate that including PMY in the breeding goals could increase TMY and CI, and decrease somatic cell count (SCC).

Resumen Antecedentes: Las características de fertilidad y salud, además de las de producción, tienen un papel importante en la rentabilidad de los hatos lecheros. Por lo tanto, parece necesario incluir los rasgos mencionados en los sistemas de mejoramiento. Por ende, los parámetros genéticos son necesarios para establecer planes de cría. Objetivo: Estimar la heredabilidad, así como las relaciones genéticas y ambientales entre el rendimiento total de leche (TMY), la persistencia del rendimiento lechero (PMY), el recuento medio de células somáticas (SCC), el recuento de células somáticas de loge promedio (LnSCC), la desviación estándar del recuento de células somáticas (stdSCC) y el intervalo de partos (CI) en vacas Holstein mediante análisis de dos rasgos y análisis múltiples. Métodos: Se analizaron registros de primera lactancia de 25.883 vacas Holstein, recolectados entre 2002 y 2007 en 97 rebaños lecheros de Irán. Se calcularon cuatro criterios de persistencia del rendimiento lácteo utilizando la función gamma de Wood. El software Wombat1.0 se utilizó para estimar los componentes de (co)varianza que emplean el algoritmo de máxima verosimilitud restringida de información promedio. Resultados: El rendimiento de leche (TMY) obtuvo la mayor heredabilidad estimada (0,29). Las estimaciones de heredabilidad para diferentes criterios de persistencia del rendimiento de la leche variaron de 0,05 a 0,10. La correlación genética desfavorable entre TMY e intervalo entre partos fue 0,71, mientras que la de PMY con el CI fue de 0,46. Las correlaciones ambientales estimadas fueron inferiores a las correlaciones genéticas para todos los rasgos, pero las tendencias fueron, en general, similares. Conclusión: Incluir el PMY en la meta de cría podría aumentar el TMY y CI, además de disminuir el recuento de células somáticas (SCC).

Resumo Antecedentes: As características de fertilidade e saúde, além das características de produção, têmum papel importante narentabilidade das vacas leiteiras. Por isso, parece necessário incluir as características já mencionadas nos sistemas de melhoramento genético. Assim, são necessários parâmetros genéticos para estabelecer planos de melhoramento genético. Objetivo: Estimar herdabilidade, bem como as relações genéticas e ambientais entre a produção total de leite (TMY), persistância da produção de leite (PMY), contagem médiade células somáticas (SCC), contagem média de células somáticas loge (LnSCC), desviopadrao da contagem média de células somáticas (stdSCC) e intervalo de pertosem (CI) vacas Holstein por duas análises de características e traços multiplos. Métodos: O conjunto de dados consistiuem registros de 25.883 vacas Holstein de primeira lactação coletadas de 2002 a 2007 em 97 rebanhos leiteiros em Iran. Foram calculados quatrocritérios de persistência da produção de leite utilizando a função gama de Wood. O software Wombat1.0 foi usado para estimar os componentes de (co)variância que empregam o algoritmo de máxima verossimilhança com informações restritas. Resultados: A maior herdabilidade (0,29) foi estimada para produção de leite. As estimativas de herdabilidade para diferentes critérios de persisténcia da produção de leite variaram 0,05 a 0,10. A correlação genética desfavorável entre o intervalo TMY eo intervalo de parto foi de 0,71 enquanto que a de PMY com CI foi de 0,46. As correlações ambientais estimadas foram inferiores às correlações genéticas para todos os traços, mas as tendencias foram geralmente semelhantes. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a inclusão de PMY na meta de reprodução poderia aumentar TMY e CI, no entanto, diminuir a contagem de células somáticas.

[Efficacy of transcervical foley catheter and laminaria on induction of labor in post-term pregnancy: a clinical study]

Background: Any time before labor that termination of pregnancy is better than keeping pregnancy for both mother and fetus, it is an indication for induction of labor

The condition of cervix is the most important factor for labor induction. Cervical condition, In many cases that candidate for induction of labor before labor pain, is poor

As the cervical ripening is quite important for success of labor induction

This study is attempting to compare two methods of cervical ripening

Methods: During this clinical study, 100 patients admitted in Ahwaz Imam Khomeini Hospital from 2010 to 2011. All of these patients had BISHOP score bellow 5, were divided to two groups for cervical ripening. Group one: trans cervical catheter and group two: laminaria. After placing transcervical foley catheter and laminaria for patient induction with oxytocin was started according to classic protocol

Then the time lapse from the beginning of induction to enter the active phase of labor and also from start of induction till delivery and appearing the side effect in both group was assessed

The result was analysed by SPSS 16 program

Results: Fifty three of patient [53%] were primiparous and the rest 47 [47%] were mul-tiparous. All of them had bishop score bellow 5

The average age for the patient group 1 was 27.1 and the average age for other group was 27.18. The time lapse from start of induction to enter active phase of labor in first group was 5.7+/-2.67 hours and this time for 2[nd] group was 7.51+/-2.33 hours. Also the time interval between the start of induction and delivery in group 1 was 10.3+/-4.35 hours and this time for group 2 was 12.5+/-4.9 hours. In both cases there was meaningful difference between two groups. There was no difference between both group for appearing the side effects

Conclusion: Based on this study, it seems using trans- cervical catheter for cervical ripening and aid to successful induction of labor is beneficial

Thyroid synovial sarcoma: a case report

Sarcomas are rare tumors account for about 1% of cancers in adult. Soft tissue sarcomas are the most common one. Synovial sarcoma's incident is about 10% of all sarcomas and most commonly rise from para-articular regions in young adults. Based on our knowledge there have been only two reports of thyroid synovial sarcoma in medical literature. We report a 44-year old woman presented with a rapid growing neck mass. The pathology report revealed sarcoma and the immunohistochemistry [IHC] was compatible with synovial sarcoma. It could be understood that synovial sarcoma can be found in various tissues even if there is no synovial cells

Isolated primary hydatid disease of omentum; report of a case and review of the literature

Hydatid disease, most commonly caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, affects mainly human liver and lung, and rarely other parts of the body. It is prevalent in most sheep-raising Mediterranean Countries including Iran. Peritoneal hydatid cyst, either primary or secondary, represents an uncommon but significant manifestation of the disease. The present case report describes a case of primary isolated hydatid disease of omentum, which to our knowledge constitutes the first case of this kind in Iran

Limb salvage rate after ligation of infected femoral pseudo aneurysms in intravenous drug abusers, clinical experience with 17 cases

Infected femoral artery pseudo aneurysm [IFAP] is a severe complication in parenteral drug abusers, with difficult and controversial management. Seventeen consecutive patients were admitted to our department with IFAP due to intravenous drug abuse. In all 17 patients proximal and distal ligation of common femoral artery mas performed with drainage of the abscess and excision of the pseudo aneurysm without reconstruction. The lower limb mas monitored for symptom of acute ischemia including coldness, sensory and motor impairment, as well as changes in color and capillary refilling. In all 17 patients, the affected artery was 1igated.Ligation of the common femoral or superficial femoral artery alone was performed in 13 and 4 of the cases, respectively In eight cases the pseudo aneurysm involved the distal, in six the mid, and in three the inferior border of the inguinal ligament. We did not have bifurcation involvement and need for triple ligation [common, superficial and profunda femoral artery], Patients were closely observed during and following surgery and this led to revascularization in tow patients who demonstrated symptom of acute ischemia. In one of them bypass surgery was performed 24 hours after surgery and led to amputation due to filed revascularization, and the other patient mas required revascularization 2 months after ligation of common and moral artery because of severe intermittent claudication of affected limb. In the setting of complex infected femoral pseudo aneurysms in patients prone to substance abuse, our work demonstrates that ligation and excision of IFAP without reconstruction may be the preferred option