ABSTRACT
Background: Uncontrolled increase of C-section is one of the major problems in Iranian health system, such that C-section is the most common surgical procedure in the entire country's hospitals in Obstetrics and Gynecology sections. A variety of complications also come along with cesarean
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, causes, and complications of cesarean in Iran
Materials and Methods: forty-one articles were considered with respect to certain criteria and were included in a systematic review to perform a meta-analysis study. The systematic review's search was conducted on SID, Iranmedx, Magiran, Medlib, PubMed, and Science Direct databases published between1999-2016. The weight of each included study was calculated according to its sample size and the reported prevalence of binomial distribution. A random-effects model using R and STATA [Version 11.2] software was utilized for analyzing data
Results: The total number of the sample was 197514 pregnant women with a mean age of 26.72 yr. The prevalence of cesarean in Iran was estimated at 48%. The main reasons for the prevalence of cesarean in this study were mothers' higher education, previous cesarean, and doctor recommendation. The most frequent complication in women undergoing cesarean was the muscular pain, and the most common fetal complications in newborns by caesarean delivery was transient tachypnea
Conclusion:The prevalence of C-section in Iran is much higher than what WHO recommends. It is essential, to decrease such a phenomenon, making the mothers aware of the risks of cesarean delivery, and establishing counselling sessions as well to eliminate the mothers' fear of vaginal delivery
ABSTRACT
Statement of the Problem: Periodontal diseases are complex oral diseases charac-terized by bacterial-induced inflammatory destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis] is a common gram-negative anaerobic oral bacteria strongly associated with periodontal disease
Purpose: The present study was conducted to estimate prevalence of P. gingivalis in patients with periodontal diseases by using meta-analysis method
Martials and Method: Different databases including PubMed, EmBase, Scopus, the Institute for Scientific Information [ISI] Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify original English-language studies addressing prevalence of P. gingivalis in periodontal diseases up to December 2014. The ran-dom effects model was applied in the meta-analysis and the heterogeneity between studies was assessed using a Cochran test and the I2 index. Funnel plots and Egger test were used to examine publication bias. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 12
Results: Forty-two eligible studies published during 1993- 2016 were selected for meta-analysis. Considering all the included studies, the total sample size was 5,884 individuals containing 2,576 healthy people with a mean age of 37.21+/-7.45 years and 3,308 periodontal patients with a mean age of 44.16+/-8.35 years. Overall, the prevalence of P. gingivalis was 78% [95% CI: 74-81] in periodontal diseases group and 34% [95% CI: 26-41] in healthy individuals. There was a significantly higher prevalence of P.gingivalis in individuals with periodontal diseases compared to healthy subjects [78% versus 34%, respectively]
Conclusion: This study indicates that P. gingivalis is highly present in subjects with periodontal diseases and it also appears in periodontally healthy people, alt-hough to a lesser extent. Thus, the presence of P. gingivalis increases the chance of periodontal disease and it can be considered as a main potential risk factor
ABSTRACT
Background: the aim of the study was to evaluate the third trimester urinary iodine excretion and to assess its relation with newborns thyroid function
Materials and Methods: a total of 208 healthy third trimester pregnant women without previous history of thyroid disease were included in the study. Urinary iodine levels of mothers were measured and neonatal TSH levels were screened on the 3- 5th day following birth
Results: the median urinary iodine level in the mothers was 50microg/L. According to WHO criteria for iodine status: 14.9%, 34.1% and 49.6% had severe, moderate and mild iodine deficiency, respectively, and only 1.4%, had the adequate iodine intake. In 6 neonate [2.8%] who their TSH level were between 5- 10 IU/ml, nobody had criteria for congenital hypothyroidism at recall visit [15th day]. Our results showed the reverse relation between mean Neonatal TSH levels and mother's third trimester iodine level [r= -0.19, p=0.006]
Conclusion: although all of mothers included in this study stated that they were using iodized salt, iodine deficiency was frequent. There was also a significant relation between mean neonatal TSH levels and mother's third trimester iodine urinary level
ABSTRACT
Acute renal failure [ARF] is a clinical syndrome in which a sudden deterioration in renal function results in the inability of the kidneys to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. A classification system has been proposed to standardize the definition of acute kidney injury in adults. These criteria of risk, injury, failure, loss and end-stage renal disease were given the acronym of RIFLE. Our goal was to study the mean platelet volume [MPV] as a prognostic predictor of ARF in children. Mean platelet volume [MPV] is a machine-calculated measurement of the average size of platelets in blood and typically included in blood tests as part of CBC [Complete Blood Count]. Since the average platelet size is larger when the body is producing increased numbers of platelets, MPV can be used to make inferences about platelet production in bone marrow or platelet destruction problems. The records of 200 patients with ARF were investigated prospectively. Complete blood count including MPV, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum C-reactive protein and electrolytes of patients were measured and compared. MPV values were low in loss [p=0.0012] and failure [p<0.005]. The sensitivity and specificity of MPV for the diagnosis of loss and failure were higher than those of the other inflammation markers. MPV<8.2 fL was significantly associated with poor prognosis in renal functions. MPV is a fast and reliable measurement with considerable predictive value for prediction of prognosis in acute renal failure
ABSTRACT
The kidney regulates sodium balance and is the principal site of sodium excretion. Sodium is unique among electrolytes because water balance, not sodium balance, usually determines its concentration. Although water balance is usually regulated by osmolality, volume depletion stimulates thirst, renal protection of water and ADH secretion. Volume reduction has priority over osmolality; volume depletion stimulates ADH secretion, even if a patient has hyponatremia. The aim of this study was to consider scar nephropathy in children with UTI and hyponatremia and compare it with children without hyponatremia. 200 children with pyelonephritis were included in this case-control study as case and control groups, respectively. Subjects were selected from children referred to the pediatric clinic of our hospital in Arak, Iran. Case group included children with hyponatremia and UTI [with VUR] and control group included children with UTI [With VUR] and normal serum sodium. Data was analyzed using SPSS ver.18 Among 200 [100%] children in both groups, 5 children [5%] had normal sodium and reflux nephropathy and 23 children had hyponatremia and reflux nephropathy. Hyponatremia in children with reflux nephropathy was significantly more common than children without reflux nephropathy. The observed correlation between reflux-related injury and hyponatremia necessitates evaluation of electrolytes in children with pyelonephritis
ABSTRACT
The appendix is considered as part of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue; however, lymphocyte subsets in this tissue are not fully defined. To investigate and compare the function and phenotype of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and appendix of patients with normal and inflamed appendix tissues. Peripheral blood samples and appendiceal mononuclear cells were obtained from 81 patients [mean age; 23 +/- 10.5 years], clinically suspected of having appendicitis. The phenotypic characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood [before and 48-72 hrs after appendectomy] and in appendix tissue were analyzed by three color-flow cytometry. The proliferative response of mononuclear cells was assessed by MTT method. The frequency of CD19+DR+, HLA-DR+ and CD19+ cells in the appendix tissue were significantly higher than that of the peripheral blood in all the groups [p<0.001]. The percentage of CD19+ cells and HLA-DR+CD19+ cells significantly decreased after appendectomy in the peripheral blood of the patients with acute appendicitis [p=0.047 and p=0.03, respectively]. CD19 and HLA-DR plus CD19 had better diagnostic efficiency compared with T cell markers [area under the ROC curve [AUC]= 0.76 and 0.73, respectively]. These results indicate a significant difference in CD19+ and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes between peripheral blood and the appendix tissue.
ABSTRACT
Background and objective Family institiution, is recognised to be one of the most important social institiutions by religious scientists sociologists and psychologists. The recognition of the elements that strengthen this social institiution can be a useful step in promoting the culture in any society. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the.relationship between family functioning and religious attitude among line and staff personnel of Arak University of Medical Sciences: Methods Three hundred and eighty four line and staff employees of the Arak University of Medical Siences were selected randomly and subjected to this analytical cross sectional study. Family structure, religious attitude, and, demographic questionnaires were used as research tools. Data analyses was performed using descriptive, t-test. ANOVA, regression and correlation analysis: Results Pearson Correlation score between family functioning and religious attitiude was -0.27 and this score was significant in the 0.01 level [r=-0.271, p<0.0001]. There was no significant differences between mean scores of family functionning and religious attitude with regard to age, sex, marriage status, education level and home. .situation: Conclusion It can be concluded that as religiuos attitude increases, the family functioning gets better. Performing family. teaching classes by consulting centers and helding continous religious programs is r
ABSTRACT
Religious orders have effective role in empowering the patients and cause the patient to reach to healthy state sooner. The anxiety caused by the separation of individual religious orders also has negative effects on the course of disease, prolongs the hospital staying and causes adverse psychological effects on a person .The present study measured the need for religious care among patients. A cross - sectional study was performed. Samples of the study consisted often percent of patients hospitalized for any reason at the time of implementation in educational hospitals and medical university hospitals. The relevant questionnaire was provided after obtaining consent to it from patients. Finally, data collection and analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS. Most patients were female, low educated and lived in a city. The maximum and the minimum age were 90 and 12 years respectively with the mean age of 44 years. Chi-square test and one-way ANOYA showed statistically significant differences in all aspects of religious behavior [p<0/05]. Considering the results of this study, the religious care of patients is a necessary aspect of hospital care. As a result, hospital officials are recommended to implement programs for performing religious duties as part of a comprehensive care program
ABSTRACT
Seizure disorders are the most common neurological illnesses in infants and children.Presented is an 8 year old boy with nocturnal vomiting episodes, found to have EEG characteristics of early onset benign occipital epilepsy, better known as Panayiotopoulos syndrome
ABSTRACT
To see which medical specialties usually manage seizure disorders in infants and children, a random survey was done among 105 such patients referred. These patients were most frequently seen by a pediatrician [n= 44,41.9%], general practitioner [n=34, 32.4%], and hospital house staff of general and pediatric emergency rooms [n= 2, 19%] in the area surveyed. A correct diagnosis of seizure disorder was achieved in 87.6% and 87.6% of the patients were managed correctly by various medical specialties. Several "seizure mimickers" were mistaken for seizure, Le., breath holding spells, syncope and night terrors. It is concluded that various medical specialties are involved in the care of infants and children with seizure disorder, and further effort on the education of these specialties would avoid mis-management of such patients