The research and development on the antioxidants in prevention of diabetic complications

Diabetes mellitus can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Microvascular and macrovascular disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia can increase the indicators of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in which free radicals have the main role in the pathogenesis of these complications. Therefore, antioxidants which combat oxidative stress should be able to prevent and repair free radicals induced damages. Although free radicals contribute to kidney damage, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity; however, clinical trials do not uniquely confirm a substantial impact on diabetic damage. It seems that antioxidants in vegetables, fruits and grains help preventing diabetes complications; however, there is little evidence that taking single antioxidants such as vitamin E or vitamin C protect these complications. The findings about combination antioxidants are also complicated and not entirely clear. In this review paper we tried to present the role of oxidative stress on micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other objective of this paper is to review the new findings about the role of various antioxidants on prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus as well as its complications including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.

The research and development on the antioxidants in prevention of diabetic complications

Diabetes mellitus can damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves and heart. Microvascular and macrovascular disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia can increase the indicators of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in which free radicals have the main role in the pathogenesis of these complications. Therefore, antioxidants which combat oxidative stress should be able to prevent and repair free radicals induced damages. Although free radicals contribute to kidney damage, atherosclerosis, diabetes, heart disease, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity; however, clinical trials do not uniquely confirm a substantial impact on diabetic damage. It seems that antioxidants in vegetables, fruits and grains help preventing diabetes complications; however, there is little evidence that taking single antioxidants such as vitamin E or vitamin C protect these complications. The findings about combination antioxidants are also complicated and not entirely clear. In this review paper we tried to present the role of oxidative stress on micro-vascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Other objective of this paper is to review the new findings about the role of various antioxidants on prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus as well as its complications including retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy.

Development of [111]In-labeled porphyrins for SPECT imaging

The aim of this research was the development of [111]In-labeled porphyrins as possible radiopharmaceuticals for the imaging of tumors. Ligands, 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl] porphyrin] [TDHPP], 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [4-hydroxyphenyl] porphyrin [THPP] and 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis [3,4-dimethoxyphenyl] porphyrin] [TDMPP] were labeled with [111]InCl3 [produced from proton bombardment of natCd target] in 60 min at 80[degree sign]C. Quality control of labeled compounds was performed via RTLC and HPLC followed by stability studies in final formulation and presence of human serum at 37[degree sign]C for 48 h as well as partition coefficient determination. The biodistribution studies performed using tissue dissection and SPECT imaging up to 24h. The complexes were prepared with >99% radiochemical purity [HPLC and RTLC], high stability in 48h. Partition coefficients [calculated as log P] for [111]In-TDHPP, [111]In-THPP and [111]In-TDMPP were 0.88, 0.8 and 1.63 respectively. Due to urinary excretion with fast clearance for [111]In-TDMPP, this complex is probably a suitable candidate for considering as a possible tumor imaging agent

A case of misdiagnose of malaria infection

A case of malaria infection in a 42-year-old woman in rural area of Mahmodabad, Mazandaran Province, North Iran was reported and discussed elaborately. She was complaining about recurrent fevers, sweating, headache and myalgia in back. After her first admission to hospital due to misdiagnose she did not receive proper treatment and the patient suffered from clinical manifestations again. Eventually in the second admission to another hospital, after a precise examination on her thick and thin blood smear the agent of disease was recognized appropriately as Plasmodium vivax and treated accordingly.

comparison of linguistic skills between Persian cochlear implant and normal hearing children

A large number of congenitally deaf children are born annually. If not treated, this will have destructive effects on their language and speech development, educational achievements and future occupation. In this study it has been tried to determine the level of language skills in children with Cochlear Implants [CI] in comparison with Normal Hearing [NH] age-mates. Test of Language Development was administered to 30 pre-lingual, severe-to-profound CI children between the ages of 5 to 8. The obtained scores were compared to a Persian database from scores of normally hearing children with the same age range. Results indicated that in spite of great advancements in different areas of language after hearing gain, CI children still lag behind their hearing age-mates in almost all aspects of language skills. Based on the results, it is suggested that children with average or above average cognitive skills who use CI have the potential to produce and understand language comparable to their normally hearing peers

Prevalence of malaria infection in Sarbaz, Sistan and Bluchistan province

To survey malaria prevalence in Sarbaz from April 2009 to October 2010. Methods:Epidemiological data of 1 464 confirmed malarial patients were analyzed according to demographic status, sex, age, nationality, isolated species and residence place. Results: The majority of patients were male 950 (64.8%) but 514 (35.2%) were female. 82.5% of patients were Iranian, 14% Pakistani immigrants, and 3.5% Afghan immigrants. Data collected showed that 90%of isolated species were Plasmodium vivax, 7.8% Plasmodium falciparum, and 2.2% Plasmodium malariae and mixed species. Conclusions: Therefore, it is crystal clear that refugees should be prohibited by government and controlled by experts in health centers in order to campaign effectively with this life threating disease.

Evaluation of fast-ELISA versus standard-ELISA to diagnose human fasciolosis

Background: the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare a fast-ELISA [F-ELISA] method versus standard- ELISA [S-ELISA] to diagnose human fasciolosis

Methods: serum samples were obtained from 35 individuals infected with fasciolosis, 27 infected with other parasitoses and 22 from healthy people. The samples were examined with S-ELISA [30-minute incubation periods] and F-ELISA [10-minute incubation periods] for total antibody response against fasciolosis

Results: the optimum conditions for S-ELISA and F-ELISA were respectively as follows: antigen 10 and 5 micro g/mL, sera 1:500 dilution for both, peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-human IgG diluted 1:7000 and 1:10000. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.0. Cut-off vale for S-ELISA and F-ELISA was determined as 0.56 and 0.42, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity; positive, and negative predictive values were detected as 97.2%, 100%, 94.6%, and 95.6% for both tests

Conclusion: cut-off values, sensitivity, specificity, and other important parameters of the two evaluated tests determined that the F-ELISA method could be used with no detectable difference