Prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] is partial or complete recurrent upper airway obstructions during sleep. Reduction in blood flow of the optic nerve head is an important causative factor in glaucoma. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma [POAG] in OSA patients. From September 2009 to January 2010 in this descriptive-analytic cross sectional study, 90 cases of patients with OSA referred to Yazd Shahid Sadoughi hospital were collected and studied by polysomnography, blood gas analysis and ocular examination including measurement of intra ocular pressure, gonioscopy, fondoscopy and automated perimetry. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software. Thirty-one patients had mild OSA, 30 patients had moderate OSA and 29 patients had severe OSA. The prevalence of POAG in this group of patients was 10% [95% CI: 4-16]. It is higher than the general population in the same age group [p=0.017]. There was no significant correlation between the presence of glaucoma and apnea hypopnea index [AHI], mean saturation arterial O[2] [MSaO[2]], body mass index [BMI], sex and age. A significant correlation between AHI with IOP and cup/disc ratio was not documented. According to our founding, the prevalence of POAG in OSA patients was higher than the general population in the same age group. Thus we recommend screening of glaucoma in OSA patients. This Study suggests that AHI, MSaO[2], BMI, sex or age are not important risk factors for glaucoma in OSA patients

Prevalence of urinary tract infections among diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic patients attending a teaching hospital in Ajman, UAE

Objectives: To explore the prevalence and determinants of UTI among diabetic and non-diabetic patients attending the Gulf Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Ajman, UAE

Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted during February and March 2012. 400 adults [aged >20 years] attending the Internal Medicine Department outpatient in GMCHRC [200 diabetes mellitus patients and 200 non-diabetic patients] were included in the study. A validated pilot-tested questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection

Results: A positive association was found between diabetes mellitus and the development of urinary tract infections. Contributing factors that showed a significant association were age >40 years, female gender, lower education level, employment status, poor diabetic control, and age at diagnosis of diabetes [>60 years]

Conclusion: Factors such as diagnosis at older age, poor diabetes control, and socio-demographic factors like age, gender, education, and occupation were significantly associated with UTI

Pattern of facial fractures in children

The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of maxillofacial bone fractures and list the causative factors of trauma in children. It was a descriptive case study and was carried out in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Oral and Dental Hospital, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar from 2nd April 2007 to 2 September 2007. A self-administered structured Proforma having history and clinical examination related information in addition to some conceptual statements pertaining to a maxillofacial trauma was used to collect data. Data were collected from 100 patients. Result showed male to female ratio 2.5:1 and the highest incidence was found in the age group of 5-8 years. The main etiological factor was fall [57%]. It was concluded that Fall and Road Traffic Accident [RTA] were the highly significant risk factors

Prostatic hyperplasia transurethral electro vaporization: our experience

To asses the efficacy, safety and complication of TUEVP on the basis of subjective and objective parameters and to establish an alternative procedure in our setup. The study was conducted at Urology Department Services Hospital Lahore over a period of four years [I996-2000]. A total 50 patients suffering from Bladder outflow symptoms due to BPH were selected for the study. The TUEVP done by standard technique. The mean age was 64.16 with standard deviation of 7.86 years. The mean operating time in TUEVP was 20.6. Mean volume of irrigating fluid during the procedure was 8.28. Few patients require blood transfusion could be shorter resection time and less bleeding during TUEVP. Mean preoperative serum sodium was 138.8 mEq/1. After TUEVP mean changes in serum sodium was 1.1 mEq/1. Post operative mean volume of irrigant used was 11.12 liters. In TUEVP no patients developed significant haemorrhage during first 24 hours. Mean estimated cost of operation was Rs.4160/. Early complication rate like clot retention occurs in 4% and fever occurs [4%] while haemorrhage, TURP syndrome, retention of urine and DVT not reported. Late post operative complication included secondary infection [4%], Epididymoorchitis [4%], U.T.I in [12%], Retrograde ejaculation [24%] and stricture urethra [4%] patients. The mean symptomatic improvement in IPSS Score was 12.76 after two weeks, 8.72 after three month. Peak flow rate increased 13.4 ml/s after two weeks and 14.44 ml/s after three months. TUEVP is the effective and safe procedure with fewer complication and better recovery in our setup but required clinical trials to different urological centers to established its long term efficacy and safety

Facial fractures in children - a study

The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of maxillofacial bone fractures due to trauma in children reporting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar. It was conducted from 2nd April 2007 to 1st October 2007. A self-administered structured Proforma having history and clinical examination related information in addition to some conceptual statements pertaining to maxillofacial trauma was used to collect the data, which were collected from 100 patients. The male to female ratio was 2.5:1 and the highest incidence occurred in the age group of 5-8 years. The mandible was predominantly involved. 86% fractures were at parasymphsis area. For diagnosis Orthopantogram [OPG] was the commonest radiograph used

Standardization of trauma symptoms checklist for children / Normatização da escala de sintomas de trauma para crianças / Normatizacion de la escala de sintomas de trauma para niños

The aim of this study was to standard and assign validity and reliability of the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children - TSCC-A. Normative data for the TSCC-A were based on 3.042 students participating in a prevalence child abuse study in 19 different loca-tions of Tehran and 140 participants who had been referred to the run away children cen-ters in Tehran. After the TSCC was validat ed on run away and abused children, it was made available to researchers doing larger studies on normative group. Reliability analysis of the TSCC-A scales in the normative sample demonstrated high internal consistency. The evidence for its validations (convergent, discriminate and construct validity) showed that they were significantly acceptable. This paper presents data demonstrating the psychometric reliability and validity of the TSCC-A scales in Iranian student population. We suggest to include the TSCC-A in a battery of relevant standardized tests

O objetivo deste estudo foi normatizar e estudar a confiabilidade e validade da Escala de Sintomas de Trauma para Crianças - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCC-A). Os dados normativos para a TSCC-A foram baseados em 3.042 estudantes que participaram de um estudo sobre prevalência de abuso infantil que abrangeu 19 cidades diferentes de Teerã e 140 participantes que haviam fugido de instituições para crianças de Teerã. Depois que o TSCC foi validado em crianças que sofreram abuso e que fugiram, ele foi disponibiliza - do aos pesquisadores que fazem estudos maiores com grupo normativo. A análise de confiabilidade da escala TSCC-A na amostra normatizada mostrou uma alta consistência interna. As evidências para essa validação (convergência, discriminação e validade de construto) mostraram que foram aceitas significativamente. Este artigo apresenta dados demonstrando a con - fiabilidade e a validade psicom étrica da escala TSCC-A na população de estudantes iranianos. Sugere-se incluir a escala TSCC-A na categoria de bateria de testes normatizados.

El objetivo de este estudio fué normatizar y estudiar la confiabilidad y validad de la Escala de Síntomas de Trauma para Niños - Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children(TSCCA). Los datos normativos para la TSCC-A fueron basados en 3.042 estudiantes que participaron en un estudio sobre prevalencia de abuso infantil que abarcó 19 ciudades diferentes de Teheran y 140 participantes que habían huído de instituições para crianças de Teheran. Después que la TSCC fué validada en niños que sufrieron abuso y que huyeron, el mismo fué disponibilizado a los investigadores que hacen estudios mayores con grupo normativo. El análisis de confiabilidad de la escala TSCC-A en la muestra normatizada mostró una alta consistencia interna. Las evidencias para esta validación (convergencia, discriminación y validad de construc - to) mostraron que fueron aceptas significativamente. Este artículo presenta datos demostrando la confiabilidad y validad psicométrica de la escala TSCC-A en la población de estudiantes iranianos. Se sugiere incluir la escala TSCC-A en la categoría de batería de tests normatizados.