ABSTRACT
The object of the study was to determine the ratio of incidence and genotyping of hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection with reference to different typable and untypable strains in various populations of Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir [AJK]. This was done by taking into account different modalities with reference to gender, age and socio-economic perspective. A total of 88 patients were included in the studyand the screening was initially carried out by rapid diagnostic tests [RDT] with further confirmation by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] method. The real time PCR [qPCR] was performed at Genetic and Molecular Center, Lahore. These tests were done at Biosafety Level 2 [BSL 2] laboratory [according to Biorisk Management CWA15793-2008] which was the criteria determined by risk assessment performed by principal investigator and the scientificofficer of the facility. The genotype 3a was found to be the most common type in affected patients which certainly determined the management of these infections in a more targeted manner.The study was able to determine the prevalence rate on gender basis which was important on local basis and can be the basis to initiate the study for finding out the reasons for the same. The age group most affected was found to be in the younger group. In addition, introduction of Biorisk Management was very encouraging and the professionals showed keen interest in this scientific discipline and were eager to learn the key concepts of it
ABSTRACT
Purpose/Background: the majority of cancers affect older persons because aging is a high risk factor for this disease. Gastrointestinal tract malignancies are also considered disease that affects older patients, with a peak incidence in the sixth and seventh decades. Close to 60% of all newly diagnosed malignant tumors and 71% of all cancer deaths occur in persons in this age group according to the NCI surveillance, epidemiology and end results [SEER] program data. Aging population is more vulnerable to develop cancer caused by a lifetime exposure to carcinogen such as pollution, radiation, tobacco and harmful sunrays etc
Objective: the objective of this research was to study the gastrointestinal tract [GIT] malignancies in different age groups in our set up
Design: retrospective study
Duration: from January 2001 to December 2010
Method: this 10 year review of patients with GIT cancers in different age groups was carried out at the Centre for Nuclear medicine and Radiotherapy [CENAR], Quetta south western region of Pakistan. Information extracted from the files of patients in record
Results: out of 2269 patients, the most common age group was above 60 year with a total of 752[33%] patients. Among1178 patients of carcinoma [Ca] esophagus, 30% belong to above 60year age group, Whereas above 60 year age group is commonest age group for CaColorectum, Stomach, Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Small intestine and Anal canal accounting for 35%, 37%, 40%, 37%, 36%, 40% and 33% respectively
Conclusion: malignancy is associated with old age. Various GIT malignancies studied in our study showed that above 60 year age group being commonest
ABSTRACT
Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality and severe economic loss; especially in the patients who are in productive years of life. The objective of our study was to find out the etiological pattern and distribution of traumatic brain injury at Mirpur, Azad Kashmir. Prospective study. This study was carried out at surgical wards at DHQ hospital, Mirpur from Nov 2012 to April 2013. In this study epidemiological and clinical data of all the patients with traumatic brain injury admitted in surgical wards at DHQ hospital, Mirpur were included. A total of 309 patients with traumatic brain injury were admitted. The age range was between 3 years to 80 years. The mean age was 23.8 years. The most commonly affected age group was between 25-30 years [89.3%]. Males were predominant [81.9%]. Students involved constituted 44.7% of patients. Commonest mode of trauma was pedestrians hit by motorized vehicles [70%] followed by physical assaults [15.9%]. Majority of the patients [88.3%] were from local district and 70.2% reached the hospital within two hours of trauma. 46.6% of the patients had a GCS of 13-15 on arrival. 3.9% had subdural hematoma while 1% of patients had skull fractures and intracerebral bleeds. Overall mortality was 5.8%. Road traffic accidents are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury affecting the young population at Mirpur and led to 5.9% mortality and 9.5% total dependency in the affected population. Better traffic control system and awareness can reduce the incidence of traumatic brain injuries
ABSTRACT
To determine incidence of different types of urogenital fistulae, their frequency and success rate of different methods of repair. This descriptive study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Urology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Military Hospital Rawalpindi from January 1997 to January 1998. A total of 44 patients were included in the study. Diagnosis was made by taking comprehensive history, detailed examination and appropriate investigations. Data regarding aetiological and risk factors was gathered. The incidence was 0.26%. Obstetric trauma, mostly prolonged and obstructed labour, was responsible for 53.3% cases and 40% were result of surgical trauma and miscellaneous causes. Forty percent of fistulae were vesico vaginal and same number was simple in type. Nearly 55% were repaired by abdominal route and 75% were successful in 1[st] attempt. Obstetric trauma was the commonest cause of urogenital fistulae. Majority were repaired by abdominal route and 75% were successful in first attempt. Improvement in maternity care in rural areas, easy approach to specialist care and better training of staff in instrumental deliveries may help to decrease the incidence of these fistule