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Background: Prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc is one of the most common problems encountered in medical practice. In orthopaedic practice patients having lesions of lumbosacral region causing low back pain with sciatica are not uncommon since the begdatainning of recorded history. To evaluate the fenestration and discectomy for prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc by minimally invasive procedure.Material & Methods:This prospective observational study was conducted at National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Dhaka, Bangladesh during July 2015 to June 2017. A total of 31 patients with prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc were included for the study. A 3cm incision was made in midline on back centering the desired space of the spine. The analysis was done according to the standard statistical analysis system. Prior to commencement of this study, the research protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of ethics of National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR).Results:Mean age was (35.98 ± 8.50) years with the range from 17 to 50 years. Out of 31 patients, 26 (83.87%) patients were male and 05(16.12%) were female. Out of 31 patients 01(03.22 %) had prolapse at the level of L3-L4, 23(74.19%) had at the level of L4-L5 and 07(22.58%) had at the level of L5-S1. In this series the most common causes of muscle weakness in EHL. Out of 31 patients, 22 (70.96 %) patients had weakness in EHL. 08 (25.80%) cases had weakness in FHL and both muscle weakness in 01 (3.22%). Out of 31 patients, 30 (96.78%) patients had preoperative sensory deficit and 03(09.67%) patients had postoperative sensory deficit, which is statistically significant. In preoperative period, moderate pain in 27(83.87%) patients, severe pain in 04(12.90%) patients. In postoperative period had no pain in 22(70.96%) patients, mild pain was noted in 08(25.08%) patients, moderate pain in 01(03.22%) patient. 20(64.51%) patients had para spinal muscle spasm in the preoperative period. Postoperative mean SLR was 81.94 ± 4.774 degree and range was 70?-90?, which was significantly improved. 29 (93.54%) patients had normal spine movement and 02 (06.45%) patients had restricted movement after 3 months of follow up. The minimum period of duration for follow up was 3 months and maximum duration of follow up was 12 months..Conclusions:By considering all aspects fenestration and discectomy is a better technique in the context of our country with the advantage of less tissue injury, good spinal function, smooth patient recovery, improve working status with early rehabilitation and maintain clinical efficacy.
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Currently cocrystals are considered as an established approach for making crystalline solids with overall improved physico-chemical properties. However, some otherwise well behaving cocrystals undergo rapid dissociation during dissolution, with ultimate conversion to parent drug and thus apparent loss of improved solubility. The polymeric carriers are long known to manipulate this conversion during dissolution to parent crystalline drug, which may hinder or accelerate the dissolution process if used in a dosage form. The goal of this study was to deliver in vivo a more soluble carbamazepine-succinic acid [CBZ-SUC] cocrystal in suspension formulation utilizing Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose [HPMC-AS] as a crystallization inhibitor and Polyvinyl carpolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer® as solubilizer. The concentration of these polymers were systemically varied during in vitro dissolution studies, while selected formulations from dissolution studies were tested in vivo. Pharmacokinetic studies [PK] in rabbits demonstrated that formulation F-X [1% cocrystal, 1% HPMC-AS and 2% Polyvinyl carpolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft co-polymer caused almost 6fold improvement in AUCo-72 as well as much higher C[MAX] of 4.73microg.mL[+1] to that of l.OTmicrog.mL[+1] of unformulated 'neat' cocrystal given orally. When reference formulation of CBZ [F5-X] with similar composition to F-X were given to rabbits, cocrystal formulation gave 1.37fold bioavailability than CBZ reference formulation. C[MAX] of reference formulation observed was 3.9microg.mL
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , In Vitro Techniques , Succinic Acid , Crystallization , Rabbits , SuspensionsABSTRACT
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is mostly deregulated and over expressed in ovarian cancer, which is directly linked with STAT3 activation that leads to the accumulation of anti-apoptotoc events and thus, platinum drug resistance occurs. Regarding this, increasing of platinum drug sensitivity by targeting EGFR receptor along with platinum drugs is one of the major strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. In this context, using molecular simulation studies, the present study described the structural and functional properties of silibinin as a potential inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase, and also its metabolic profile had been investigated by SOM prognosis. According to the results, silibinin have shown the significant binding energy by interacting with important residues in the active site. Again, it also processed medium absorption profile with no Fe accessibility. Furthermore, the study is also useful for further clinical based studies and also for the validation of toxicological and pharmacokinetic study.
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Objective: Tuberculosis [TB] is a major public health problem in Bangladesh since long. The present incidence and prevalence rates of all forms of TB are 227 and 404/100,000 population respectively. The aim of this study was to find out the clinical characteristics of involved cervical lymph nodes, demographic characteristics of the patients and response to treatment of Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [CTL] cases
Methods: A prospective study was performed in Shaheed Shamsuddin Ahmed Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh from June 2012 to June 2014. Total 65 patients having CTL attending outpatient department of the hospital were enrolled
Results: Age of the patients ranged from 5 to 60 years with a mean of 25.6 years. Two third [67.7%] of the patients were female. Male: Female ratio was 1:2.1. More than half of the patients came from rural areas [53.8%] and from low socio-economic conditions [58.5%]. Most of the patients presented with unilateral [87.7%], multiple [82.3%], matted [68.6%] lymph nodes, <3cm diameter [54%], commonly in right side [57.9%]. Abscess was found in 21.5% cases. Discharging sinus was found in 9.2% cases. Most commonly involved lymph node group was level V [59.4%] followed by level II [42.2%]. Systemic features were found in 63.07% patients. Associated lung lesion was found in 3.1% cases. FNAC was found positive for tuberculosis in 83.9% cases. Most of the patients [78.46%] were cured with six months anti-tubercular chemotherapy
Conclusions: Early diagnosis and treatment is critical in reducing the overall prevalence. It is essential to have awareness regarding common presentations of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis among the general population as well as healthcare professionals working in the resource poor primary and secondary level hospitals
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Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is one of the four members of the Human Epidermal Receptor (HER) family, which is deregulated and over expressed in platinum resistant ovarian cancer. Thus, targeting EGFR receptor along with platinum drugs is one of the major strategies to increase the platinum drug sensitivity. That‟s why, in this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory activity and binding site analysis of indole-3-carbinol and its active metabolite 3,3'-diindolylmethane by using molecular simulation studies, also metabolic profile had been investigated by SOM prediction. The 3,3'-diindolylmethane showed significant inhibitory activity and binding energy comparing to indole-3-carbinol, also it processed lower toxicity and will undergo aromatic hydroxylation due its high intrinsic activity and Fe accessibility. Though our research study supports previous reports of EGFR inhibition, further in vivo study is necessary for validation of toxicological and pharmacokinetic study. However, the current work tries to address most of the variables in the dynamic drug design process by In silico study in order to boost the potentiality of the selected molecule to serve as good leads in terms of optimum pharmacokinetic and toxicological attributes.
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Developing a new agent in the anti-inflammatory and analgesic field, plants secondary metabolites can be a good source for the Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) drug development. For this purpose we subjected the active compounds of Mimosa pudica Linn. to reveal its potentiality by molecular docking analysis to find out its potent compound against COX which was done by GOLD docking analysis. Docking studies by GOLD showed that vitexin of Mimosa pudica had the highest fitness score against the COX-1 which is 60.43 and 63.49 for COX-2 enzyme. Vitexin of Mimosa pudica detected with significant fitness score and hydrogen bonding against COX-1 and COX-2 which may be a potent analgesic compound.
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Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-diabetic as well as prophylactic activity of Jambadyarista and Bohumutrantak Ras in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Study the prophylactic and antiglycemic effects against diabetes of two Ayurvedic drugs ‘Jambadyarista’ and ‘Bohumutrantak Ras’ in normal as well as alloxaninduced diabetic rats using in vivo models. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh between December 2013 and March 2014. Methodology: To investigate the activity, 70 Long Evans rats divided into seven (A-G) groups were included in this study. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150mg/kg body weight) while the Ayurvedic drugs Jambadyarista and Bohumutrantak Ras were given orally at a dose of 200mg/kg of body weight. Group A was control group. Groups B and E were allowed to fast for 12 hours. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared solution of alloxan (150mg/kg) in normal saline after base line glucose level determination. The alloxan-treated rats were allowed to food over night to overcome drug induced hyperglycemia. After 48 hours, blood glucose level was measured with an Accu-Chek glucometer using blood sample from the tail vein of each rat. Diabetes was established in animals when blood glucose level was raised to 11.1-32.6mmol/L. After the establishment of diabetes, the experiments were carried out. Groups D and G were allowed to induce diabetes by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (75mg/kg body weight) in normal saline every day for 5 days. Results: In case of alloxan-induced diabetic rats, Jambadyarista and Bohumutrantak Ras showed prophylactic activity against diabetes as well as also reduced blood glucose level. By statistical analysis of results, it was found that Jambadyarista and Bohumutrantak Ras have prophylactic activity against diabetes in normal and alloxan- induced diabetic rats. Conclusion: It can be inferred that the Ayurvedic drug “Jambadyarista and Bohumutrantak Ras” significantly possess prophylactic activity against diabetes. They also showed antidiabetic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Further comprehensive cellular and molecular investigations are required to characterize the exact mechanism responsible for its prophylactic and antidiabetic effects.
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A survey of the cigarette smoking habits amongst medical students of NWFP was conducted in October, 1990 to April, 1991. 2050 students [Male-1170, Female-240] from KMC and Males-535, Females-105 from AMC] filled and returned the questionnaires. Out of the total students, 9.95% were smokers, 2% ex-smokers and 88% non-smokers. Fathers and brothers of 35% and 52% smokers students smoked for pleasurable relaxation, fun and to alleviate their anxieties. Most of the students were non-smokers and most of the ex-smokers had left smoking realizing its adverse effects on health