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Background: Vitamin A also plays a role in the morphology and physiology of the eyeball. The present study was conducted to assess prevalence and risk factors of vitamin A deficiency among children and women. Methods: The present study was conducted on 96 children of age ranged 5-12 years and their mothers of both genders. Parents of toddlers were asked for symptoms, suggesting that the child may have poor vision in dim light. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum retinol levels were measured for all participants high-performance liquid. Results: Out of 96 patients, boys were 54 and girls were 42. Out of 54 boys, 7 boys and out of 42 girls, 4 girls had vitamin A deficiency. 56 mothers had low SES, 28 had medium and 12 had high. Mother education was upto college level in 28 and upto high school in 78. Number of children in family was >2 seen in 52 and 2 in 44 parents. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was found to be 11.45%. Risk factors were low socio- economic status, >2 children in family and low education level of mothers.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a devastating metabolic disorder that places an economic burden. The present study was conducted to assess prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type II diabetics. Methods: The present study was conducted on 114 type II diabetes patients of both genders. Patients were subjected to fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin to know diabetic status. A thorough clinical examination was done. Physical signs such as numbness, ulcerations loss of reflexes were recorded. Results: Out of 114 patients, males were 64 and females were 50. Out of 114 patients, 46 (40.3%) had PNP. In patients with PDN, 32 had ulcerations and 38 had numbness of limbs. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). There were 2 cases of DPN with 5 years, 10 cases with 5-10 years and 34 cases with >10 years of DPN. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Authors found that among type II diabetic patients, 46 had diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
ABSTRACT
In the present age of World Wide Web, we are linked globally. As we are moving towards the modern era, the knowledge and information is growing in each and every field by the help of electronic sources. In the present scenario, electronics resources are playing an important role and providing unusual/surprising information which can be stored in an electronic device for further usage. Nowadays, online books, online journals and other electronic databases are expanding swiftly, almost in all fields of research and development. These electronic resources deliver functional bunch of information via multimedia tools in short time and space. The aim to write this paper is to educate about the e-resources, available in the world wide in medical and healthcare sector with emphasis over the categories of eresources, its density, advantages, disadvantages, medical open source (free) subscription base and its components.
ABSTRACT
To determine the outcome of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers treated with Total Contact Cast [TCC] in terms of percentage of ulcers healed and time to heal. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi Medical and Dental College, from April 2005 to March 2007. The study included diabetic patients with non-ischemic neuropathic foot ulcers of upto grade 2 of Wagner's classification. Ulcers were debrided off necrotic tissues and Total Contact Cast [TCC] was applied. TCC was renewed every 2 weeks till healing. Cases were labeled as cast failure when there was no reduction in wound size in 4 consecutive weeks or worsening to a higher grade. Main outcome measures were the percentage of ulcers healed and time to heal in the cast. Thirty four [87.17%] patients were males and 5[12.82%] were females. The mean age was 62 +/- 13.05 years. All patients had NIDDM. Out of the 52 ulcers, 41[78.84%] healed with TCC in an average 2 casts duration [mean 32 days]. There were 11[21.15%] cast failure. Majority [63.63%] of cast failure ulcers were located on pressure bearing area of heel. Most [90%] of the ulcers on forefoot and midsole region healed with TCC [p<0.001]. Longer ulcer duration [mean 57.45 +/- 29.64 days] significantly reduced ulcer healing [p<0.001]. Total contact cast was an effective treatment modality for neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers of Wagner's grade 2, located on forefoot and midsole region
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetic Neuropathies , Foot Ulcer/therapy , Casts, Surgical , Orthotic Devices , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Late diagnosis, late intervention, inconsistent followups, inadequate maintenance of hearing aids and bad outcome is something nobody amongst service provider in the field of audiology wishes to come across. The fact that many factors, elements and people are involved in the equation of service provision and outcome, therefore, it is very difficult to predict or contemplate what one does will bring good result. The age of diagnosis is one of the key element in this process. It marks the beginning of a long-term process and therefore, is considered a parameter of our concern. With a view to determine how much we take the hearing problem, seriously a study was conducted at the audiology clinic of UKM. The objective was to find out the age of diagnosis of hearing impairment among children with sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 221 children between the ages of 3 months and 15 years [median age 43.2 months] were retrospectively investigated. They represented all the three major ethnic groups and 13 states of Malaysia. Every child underwent a detailed investigation. The cause of the hearing loss could be found in 72% cases. Main causes were, neonatal jaundice 18%, congenital rubella 9.9%, prematurity 7.7%, hypoxia 7.3%, meningitis 3.7%, measles 4.9%, genetics 3.7%, syndromes 6.4%. The cause of the hearing loss could not be established in 28% of cases. The average age of diagnosis of hearing impairment was around 39 months. It was almost similar between boys and girls [38.1: 38.9 months] but higher in the muslim children [38.11 vs 37.4 months]. The age of diagnosis of hearing problem in different aetiological groups was unacceptably high. The age of diagnosis of hearing problem in different states was different. Late diagnosis was not related to financial background, family size and accessibility to the facility. The finding of this study is a cause of concern to us because it raises question about the importance people give to the hearing problem