ABSTRACT
Present study was designed to screen phytochemical constituents and antihyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium indicum (HI) in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Heliotropium indicum (Boraginaceae) whole plant is used as traditional medicine for a number of ailments including diabetes. The whole plant was collected, shade dried and extracted with different solvents in the increasing order of polarity. When different solvent extracts of HI each at a dose of 500 mg/kg bw were given to diabetic rats, the methanol and aqueous extracts produced significant (P<0.0001) antidiabetic activity. Phytochemical screening of various solvent extracts of HI whole plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, saponins and tannins. When methanol active fraction of Heliotropium indicum (MAFHI) was checked for its antidiabetic activity, the fraction at dose of 750 mg/kg bw produced marked antihyperglycemic activity. The antihyperglycemic activity was also exhibited during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with the same dosage of MAFHI.
ABSTRACT
Carpal tunnel syndrome [CTS] is the most common entrapment neuropathy. The symptoms of CTS include pain, paraesthesia and hypoesthesia in the hand, in the area innervated by the median nerve, and often occurs or worsens during the night or early morning, waking the patient up. Physical examination and nerve conduction studies are used to diagnose this condition. Early diagnosis and treatment of CTS are important because any delay can cause irreversible median nerve damage. To highlight the role of physical examination and nerve conduction study in the diagnosis of CTS. Setting: Kuwait teaching Hospital Peshawar. June 2008 to June 2010. Methods: Fifty patients of carpal tunnel syndrome were studied. All patients who reported numbness and/or tingling in the median nerve distribution in the hands at least twice weekly during the preceding four weeks were enrolled to undergo clinical examination and nerve conduction tests. Following the clinical examination the symptomatic persons underwent bilateral nerve conduction tests. Out of these twelve patients were males and thirty eight were females with a ratio of 1:3.1. The age range was between 20 to 60 years. CTS was bilateral in 22 patients [44%], right-sided in 23[46%] patients and left-sided in 5[10%] patients. In addition to the clinical presentation, electrophysiology has been proposed as the standard of care for diagnosing CTS with a recommendation that it should be performed in all cases